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A 


NEW    ORCHARD 

and  Garden  I 

OR 

The    beft  way  for    planting,   grafting,  and   to   make 

any  ground  good,  for  a  rich  Orchard:  Particularly  in  the  North, 

and  generally  for  the  whole  kingdome  of  England  as  in  nature, 

reafon,  situation,  and  all  probabilitie,  may  and  doth  appeare. 

With   the  Country  Houfewifes  Garden  for  herbs  of  common  vfe,  their 
vertues,  feafons,  profits,  ornaments,  varietie  of  knots,  models  for  trees,  and 

plots  for  the  belt  ordering  of  Grounds  and  Walkes. 

AS  ALSO 

The  Husbandry  of  Bees,  with  their  feuer  all  vfes  and  annoyances,  all  being  the 

experience  of  48.  yeeres  labour,  and  now  the  third  time  corrected  and 
much  enlarged,  by  William  Law/on. 

Whereunto  is  newly  added  the  Art  of  propagating  Plants,  with  the  true  ordering 

of  all  manner  of  Fruits,  in  their  gathering,  carrying  home,  and  prefer nation. 


a 
a. 

C 

C3 


S5 
S 


Printed  at  London  by  J.  H.  for  Francis  Williams.     1626. 
Reprinted  by  Robert  Pearsall  Smith,  Philadelphia.     1858. 


L4^ 


THE     BEST,     SVREST, 

AND     READIEST     WAY     TO 

make  a  good  Orchard  and  Garden. 

CHAP.   I. 

Of  the  Gardner,  and  his  Wages. 

?l}osorucr  orstrcth  antj  cnbcuourrtfj  to  fjauc 
a  pleasant,  anb  profitable  ©rrharb,  must 
(if  i)f  he  able)  proutbc  Ijtmsclfc  of  a  JfxmtU 
crrr,  religious,  honest,  sfetlfuU  in  that  Religious. 
facultp,  ano  tfjcrccoithall  painfull:  i?p 
religious,  it  mranc  (because  man?  thinke 
rrltgion  out  a  fashion  or  customc  to  goc  to 
GTljurrl))  maintaining,  ano  cherishing  things 
religious:  as  *rfjoolcs  of  learning,  (Churches, 
flTptfjcs,  (Churrh^goobs,  ano  rights;  ano 
abouc  all  tijings,  (Poos  luorb,  ano  the  $Jrearh~ 
crs  thereof,  so  much  as  \)t  is  able,  practising 
prnpers,  nmfortablr  conference,  mutuall  instruction  to  cbifie,  almcs,  ano 
other  ujorkrs  of  (ffiljatttff,  ano  all  out  of  a  gooo  conscience. 

fijonestic  m  a  (Darbnrr,  rotll  grace  pour  Oaroen,  anb  all  pour  ijouse,  Honest, 
ano  ijelpe  to  stap  bnbctblcb  5-eruingmen,  giuing  offence  to  none,  not 
calling  pour  name  into  question  op  bishonest  acts,  nor  infecting  pour 
famtlp  hp  cuill  counsell  or  example.  ,-jfor  there  is  no  plague  so  infect 
tious  as  ^Joperp  ano  knaucrp,  he  toill  not  purloine  pour  profit,  nor  hinber 
pour  pleasures. 

(Concerning  his  skill,  hrc  must  not  be  a  £cholist,  to  make  sheuj  of  or  Skilfull. 
take  in  banb  that,  which  ije  cannot  performe,  especiallp  in  so  bjcightp  a 
tl)ing  as  an  (Drcharb:  than  the  which,  there  ran  be  no  humane  thing 
more  eicellent,  eitijer  for  pleasure  or  profit,  as  shall  ((Poo  roilling)  be 
proueo  m  the  treatise  following.  Hno  what  an  binberanrc  shall  it  be, 
not  onelp  to  the  owner,  but  to  the  rominon  gooo,  that  the  unspeakable 
benefit  of  manp  hunbrrb  peeres  shall  be  lost,  bp  tije  aubarious  attempt 
of  an  bnskilfull  .Hrborist . 

The  (Parbnrr  hab  not  neeb  be  an  ible,  or  lajie  Hubber,  for  so  pour  Painfull. 
<T>rrharb  being  a  matter  of  such  moment,  bull  not  prosper.     There  bill 
euer  be  some  thing  to  boe.     iLiLtccbs  are  alwapes  growing.     £i)e  great 

mother 


Library 
N.   C.   State    College 


34931 


Gardner. 


An  Orchard. 


Chap,  ii. 


motfjrr  of  all  liuing  (Srcatures,  tljc  lEattl),  is  full  of  sort)  tit  fjcr  bowrls, 
an*  anp  stirring  giues  them  teat  of  Sunnc,  an*  being  lat*  necrc  oat}, 
tbepgroto:  jBoujlrs  mocke  *ailp,  ttougij  not  almapcs  altfte.  Splinter 
trrbs  at  all  times  mill  grom,  (except  in  txtxtmt  frost.)  5n  &2U  inter  pour 
poung  trees  an*  ijcrbs  moul*  be  ligttnc*  of  Snom,  an*  pour  ailncs  cleans 
sc*:  drifts  of  snoto  mill  set  Deere,  ?i}ares,  an*  ({Tonics,  an*  otter 
nopsomc  beasts  oucr  pout  malls  an*  i)e*ges,  into  pour  (Drrtar*.  ratcn 
Summer  cloattcs  pour  borders  mitt  greene  an*  pccklc*  eolours,  pour 
(Bar*ncc  must  *resse  tis  fje*ges,  an*  antikc  morkes :  matct  ijis  iiccs, 
an*  ijiue  tijem :  *istill  tis  Hoses,  an*  otter  tcrbs.  Koto  begins  £um= 
mer  jFruit  to  ripe,  an*  eraue  pour  ijan*  to  pull  ttcm.  If  Jjc  ijaue  a  (Gar- 
*en  (as  te  must  nee*)  to  krepe,  pou  must  nee*s  allom  jjim  goo*  tclpc,  to 
en*  tis  labours  mticij  are  en*lessc,  for  no  one  man  is  sufficient  for  tJjcsc 
tljings. 
Wages.  *urf)  a  (8ar*ner  as  mill  ronsrionablp,  ciuictlp  an*  patientlp,  trauell  in 

pour  (Drdjar*,  <£o*  stall  rromnc  ttc  labors  of  ijis  ijan*s  toitlj  iopfulnesse, 
an*  make  tt)e  clou*s  *rop  fatnesse  upon  pour  trrcs,  i)c  mill  prouokr  pour 
loue,  an*  came  tis  mages,  an*  fees  belonging  to  tis  place :  Cije  ijouse 
being  serue*,  fallen  fruit,  superfluitp  of  ijerbs,  an*  flomrrs,  see*s,  grasses, 
sets,  &  besi*es  otter  offall,  tljat  fruit  mljirt  pour  bountifull  tan*  stall 
relnar*  tint  toittall,  mill  murjj  augment  tis  mages,  an*  tlje  profit  of  pour 
13ees  mill  pap  pou  backe  againe. 

H  pou  be  not  able,  nor  milling  to  i)irr  a  (Partner,  keepe  pour  profits  to 
pour  selfe,  but  tijen  pou  must  take  all  tijc  paines:  xln*  for  tljat  purpose 
(if  pou  want  tijis  farultp)  to  instruct  pou,  ijaue  E  un*crtaken  tijese  labours, 
an*  gatijerc*  tljcse  Mules,  but  djieflp  respecting  mp  UTountries  goo*. 

CHAP.    II. 

Of  the  Soyle. 

Muit=Crees  most  common,  an*  meetest  for  our 

nortijerne  (Countries :  (as  Apples,  Scares,  (£te' 

rics,  jFilbcrbs,  re*  an*  tobjtc  yiums,  Samsons 

an*  Dulles,)  for  me  me**le  not  mitt  aprirocks 

nor  ^cacljcs,  nor  scarcelp  mitt  (Qutncljes  mijtcij 

mill  not  like  in  our  col*  parts,  unlesse  tijep  be 

ijelpe*  mitt  some  reflex  of  icunnc,  or  otljer  like 

meancs,  nor  mitt  busljcs,  bearing  berries,  as  13ar= 

berics,(Boosberries,  or  (Proscrs,  Kaspbcrirs,  an* 

sucij  like,  tijougt  tijc  iSarbrrp  be  wfjolcsomc,  an* 

tlje  tree  map  be  ma*e  great :  *oe  require  (as  all  otter  trees  *oe)  a  blacke, 

fat,  mellow^  cleane  an*  mcll  tempere*  soplc,  mtcrein  tijep  map  gatter 

plentp  of  goo*  sap.  Some  tljinke  tijc  ?i)asell  moul*  fjauc  a  ctanilie  rocke, 

Soyle.         an*  tlje  Sallom,  an*  (Jrller  a  matcrist  marist.   3Ttc  soile  is  ma*e  better 

bp  *cluing,  an*  otljer  meancs,  being  mcll  mclte*,  an*  tlje  mil*nessc  of  ttc 

eartij  an*  mee*s  (for  euerp  tfjing  subiect  to  man,  an*  seruing  ijis  use,  not 

mcll  ororrr*,  is  bp  nature  subiect  to  ttc  curse)  is  kille*  bp  frosts  an* 

*rougtt,bp  fallowmg  an*  laping  on  teapes,  an*  if  it  be  mil*  eartij,  mitt 

burning. 

Barren  if  pour  groun*  be  barren  (for  some  are  force*  to  make  an  (Drrfjar*  of 

Earth.        barren  groun*)  make  a  pit  tijree  ciuarters  *eepe,  an*  turn  par*s  wi*r,  an* 

rcuu* 


Kindes  of 
trees. 


Chap.  ii.  An  Orchard.  Soyle.  3 

rounti  in  surf)  places  mfjcre  you  woulti  set  your  trees,  anti  fill  tfjc  same 
witb  fat,  purr,  anti  irrllolu  eartij,  one  wijolc  foot  ijigijcr  tijan  your  £oyle, 
anti  tijerrtn  set  your  i)iant.  ,-ffoc  wijo  is  able  to  manure  an  wijolc  <Dr= 
rijarti  plot,  if  it  be  barren?  i3ut  if  you  bctermine  to  manure  tije  mijole 
site,  tijis  is  your  may:  tiiggc  a  trrncij  ijalfc  a  yarb  ticepc,  all  along  tije 
loluer  (if  tljcrc  be  a  lower)  sitic  of  your  (Drrijarti  plot,  easting  bp  all  tije 
eartl)  on  tlje  inner  sitic,  ano  fill  tije  same  toitij  goob  sijort,  ijot,  ano  tender 
murkc,  anti  make  sucij  anotijer  Crenel),  antj  fill  tlje  same  as  tlje  first,  anti 
so  tlje  tijirt),  anti  so  tfjrougijout  your  ground.  &ntJ  bn  tijis  meanes  your 
plot  sijall  be  fertile  for  your  life.  15ut  be  sure  you  set  pur  trees,  neitljer 
m  tiung  nor  barren  eartij. 

i>our  grounti  must  be  plaine,  tijat  it  map  teeeiue,  ant)  keepe  moysture,  piaine. 
not  oneli)  tije  raine  falling  tijerron,  but  also  mater  east  bpon  it,  or  Ascent); 
ing  from  ijigijcr  grounb  by  £luircs,  (Conbuits,  vVc.  Jfor  $  aeeount  moys=  Moyft. 
ture  in  Rummer  brry  necbfull  in  tlje  socle  of  trees,  anti  brougfjt  in  &2Hm= 
ter.  ^rouitietj  tijat  tije  grounti  neitfter  be  boggie,  nor  tije  inuntjation  be 
past  24.  Jjourrs  at  any  time,  anti  but  tunse  in  tfje  mijole  Rummer,  anti  so 
oft  in  J&lintcr.  Cfjcrefore  if  your  plot  be  m  a  iiankc,  or  ijaue  a  tieseent, 
make  STrrnrijcs  by  degrees,  ailycs,  £&talkes,  anti  sucij  like,  so  as  tije 
Mater  may  be  staieti  from  passage,  anti  if  too  murij  boater  be  any  fjtns 
tieranee  to  your  walkcs  (for  tiry  walkcs  tioe  well  beeome  an  ©crfjarti,  anti 
an  (Drrijarti  tijrm :)  raise  your  walkcs  mitij  eartij  first,  anti  tijrn  mitij 
stones,  as  bigge  as  <E2!lalnuts:  anti  lastly,  witij  grauell.  in  Rummer 
you  neeti  not  boubt  too  mucij  mater  from  ijeauen,  eitter  to  jjurt  tlje  ijcaltij 
of  your  botiy,  or  of  your  trees,  anti  if  oucrflowing  molest  you  after  one 
tiay,  auoiti  it  tijen  by  tieepe  trrncijing. 

*ome  for  tljis  purpose  tiigge  tije  soyle  of  tljeir  ©rrfjarti  to  reeeibe  rnois^ 
ture,  mijiri)  it  eannot  approue:  for  tije  roots  mitij  digging  are  oftentimes 
ijurt,  anti  especially  being  tiiggeti  bi)  some  bnskilfull  seruant:  jFor  tije 
^artjiner  eannot  boe  all  ijimsclfe.  ano  moreouer,  tije  roots  of  Apples  anti 
Scares,  being  laiti  neere  tiay,  mitij  tije  ijeat  of  tije  £unnc,  toill  put  foortij 
suckers,  mfjicij  are  a  grrat  ijinberanre,  anti  sometimes  mitt  euill  guitiing, 
tije  Instruction  of  trees,  bnlesse  tije  tieluing  be  bery  sijallow,  anti  ttyt 
grounti  latti  brry  leuell  againe.  (tfijeries  anti  opiums  witijont  tieluing,  mill 
ijarbly  or  neuer  (after  twenty  yeeres)  be  kept  from  surij  suckers,  nor  aspes. 

©rasse  also  is  tijougijt  neetiful  for  moysture,  so  you  let  it  not  toucij  tije  GrafTe. 
roots  of  your  trees :  for  it  mill  breetie  mosse,  anti  tije  boall  of  your  tree 
neere  tije  eartij  woulb  t)aut  tije  comfort  of  tije  sunne  anti  ayre. 

~ome  take  tfjctr  grounti  to  be  too  moist  wfjen  it  is  not  so,  bj)  reason  of 
maters  standing  tijereon,  for  except  in  sourc  marsfjes,  springs,  antj  con- 
tnuiall  oucr^floWings,  no  eartij  can  be  too  moist.  *antiy  anti  fat  eartb 
mill  auoiti  all  mater  falling  b))  receit.  Entiecti  a  stiffe  clay  mill  not  receiue 
tije  mater,  anti  tijerefore  if  it  be  grassie  or  plaine,  especially  Jjollow,  tije 
mater  mill  abitie,  anti  it  mill  seeme  watcrisij,  wijen  tije  fault  is  in  tije  want 
of  manuring,  anti  otijer  gooti  tircssing. 

iTtjis  plainnessc  wijirij  we  require,  fjati  neeti  be  naturall,  because  to 
force  an  bneuen  grounti  will  bestroy  tije  fatnesse.  jFor  euery  soile  ijatij 
ijis  crust  next  tiay  wijerein  trees  ant)  ijearbs  put  tijeir  roots,  anb  mijence 
tijey  bram  tijeir  sap,  mtjirij  is  tije  best  of  tije  soile,  ant)  matie  fertile  mitij 
beat  anti  colb,  moisture  anti  brougijt,  anb  bnber  loijicij,  tv  reason  of  tije 
Want  of  tije  saib  temperature,  by  tlje  saiti  soure  qualities,  no  tree  nor 
Ijcrbe  (in  a  manner)  Will  or  can  put  root,    as  may  be  scene  if  in  tugging  Natural- 

yOUC  ]y  plaine. 


Site. 


An  Orchard. 


Chap.  in. 


Low  and 
neere  a 
Riuer. 


pour  ground,  pou  iafte  the  tortus  of  most  growth :  as  grassr  or  bocks, 
(Wljicij  Will  groW  thotigb  tj)rp  Inr  upon  tijr  earth  bare)  pet  burg  them  unber 
tbe  rrust,  anb  t1jci>  Will  surely  bpc  anb  perish.,  anti  become  manure  to  pour 
grounti.  <Tbis  rrust  is  not  past  15.  or  18.  inches  tirrpr  in  gooti  grottnb, 
in  otijrr  grountis  Icssr.  ?l)crebp  apprarrs  tbe  fault  of  forrrti  platnrs,  viz. 
pour  rrust  in  the  lower  parts,  is  rourrrti  toitij  tijr  rrust  of  tijc  ijigtjcr  parts, 
Craft  of  ant)  both  with  Worse  earth :  pour  Jjetgfjta  ijauing  the  rrust  taken  aWap, 
the  earth,  are  become  mccrelp  barren:  so  that  ctthcr  pou  must  force  a  nrW  rrust,  or 
ijaue  an  euill  soile.  Unb  be  sure  pou  leuell,  before  pou  plant,  lest  pou 
be  forrrti  to  remoue,  or  ijurt  pour  plants  bp  tiiggtng,  anti  easting  amongst 
their  roots.  *>our  grounti  must  be  rlrcrcb  as  murlj  as  pou  map  of  stones, 
anti  grauell,  Wals,  hebges,  bushes,  anti  other  tocebs. 

CHAP.  III. 

Of  the  Site. 

Q)txt  is  no  "Difference  that  $  finbe  betwixt  tf)e  ne= 
eessitp  of  a  gooti  soile,  anti  a  gooti  site  of  an  ©r= 
rharb.  jFor  a  gooti  soile  (as  is  before  brsrribrb) 
rannot  toant  a  gootj  site,  anti  tf  it  tioe,  tije  fruit 
rannot  be  gooti,  anti  a  gooti  site  Will  much,  menb 
an  euill  soile.  JITije  best  site  is  in  loll)  grountis, 
(anti  if  pou  can)  neere  unto  a  Hitter. 

pljigh 'grottnbs  are  not  naturallp  fat:  &nb  if 
thrp  haue  anp  fatnesse  bp  mans  tjanti,  the  bcrp 
brsccnt  in  time  both,  wash  it  awap.  Jt  is  with 
grountis  in  tbis  case  as  it  is  with  men  in  a  commonwealth.  ittuch  will 
hauc  more:  anb  once  poore,  sclbome  or  neuer  rich.  SThe  ratne  will  scinb, 
anti  was!),  anb  the  winb  will  bloW  fatnesse  from  the  heights  to  the  fjols 
loWes,  wjjete  it  Will  abibe,  anb  fatten  tije  earth  tijough  tt  were  barren 
before. 

?l)ence  it  is,  that  we  fjaur  sclbome  anp  plaine  grottnbs,  anb  low,  bar- 
ren: anb  as  sclbome  anp  hetgfjts  naturallp  ferttll.  it  is  bnspeakablc, 
Wbat  fatnesse  is  brought  to  low  grottnbs  bp  Enunbations  of  waters. 
Neither  bib  £  cuer  know  anp  barren  grottnb  m  a  low  plaine  bp  a  Hitter 
stbe.  2Ti)t  goobnesse  of  the  soile  in  Howl  or  Hollow-dernes,  in  Yorkeshire, 
is  Well  knoWnc  to  all  that  knoW  tbe  Hitter  Humber,  anb  the  huge  bulkcs 
of  their  kartell  tbere.  iSv  estimation  of  them  that  Ijattc  scene  tbe  loW 
grottnbs  in  Holland,  anb  Zealand,  tljcp  farrc  surpasse  the  most  (f  oun= 
trtcs  in  Europe  for  fruttfttlncsse,  anb  onelp  because  tljcp  Ipc  so  loW.  vTbe 
Worlb  cannot  compare  With  JEgypt*,  for  fcrtilitte,  so  farrc  as  Nilus  both 
oucr=floW  his  bankes.  ~o  tijat  a  fitter  place  cannot  be  chosen  for  an 
(Drcbarb,  tfjan  a  loW  planic  bp  a  riuer  sibe.  jFoc  besibes  the  fatnesse 
wljirlj  ttje  water  brings,  if  anp  rloubp  mist  or  raine  be  stirring,  it  rom= 
monlp  fals  boWne  to,  anb  t'ollowes  tijc  course  of  the  Hitter.  :Hnb  Wijcrc 
sec  we  greater  trees  of  bulk  anb  bough,  then  stanbtng  on  or  neere  the 
Waters  sibe?  If  pou  aske  whp  the  plames  in  Holdernes,  &  such  cottn= 
tries  are  brstitttte  of  Woobs?  i  answer,  tijat  men  anb  cattell  (tijat  fjaue 
put  trres  thence,  from  out  of  planus  to  boib  cornrrs)  are  better  then  tires. 
Mark-  <r>ur  olb  fathrrs  ran  tell  us,  IjoW  Woobs  arc  brcateb,  &  people  in  the 
ham.  roomti)  of  tires  multiplieb.    £  banc  stoob  somrWijat  long  in  tbis  point, 

because  some  boe  bttcrlp  ronbemne  a  moist  soile  for  fruit^trrrs. 

a  low 


a  Pfal.  i.  3. 
Eze.  17.  8. 
Eccl.39.17. 


Chap.  in.  An  Orchard.  Site.  5 

a  lorn  ground  is  gooti  to  auoib  tije  danger  of  mintis,  botfj  for  shaking 
bourne  pour  bnripr  fruit,  antj  blowing  bown  pour  trees.  dFruit  bloum 
bnripr,  arc  small  mortij :  ant)  tijougij  tljrp  be  ripe,  pet  bring  bruiscti  toitt)  winds. 
tbr  fall  (cspcciallp  if  tijep  be  big)  tijep  arc  not  gooti  but  for  prrscnt  bsc.  chaP-  !3- 
Crccs  tije  most  (tijat  I  know)  being  loaticn  toitij  Wooti,  for  want  of  prop; 
ntng,  ant)  growing  hiqh,  bp  tijc  bnskilfulncssc  of  tf)c  arborist,  must 
nectis  be  in  contmuall  oangee  of  tijc  ;coutij=wcst,  <L&tcst,  anti  Nortjj= 
West  tombs,  cspcciallp  in  September  anti  March,  Wijcn  tljc  aire  is  most 
temperate  from  extreme  ijeat,  anti  colli ;  WJjicij  arc  tieatilp  enemies  to  great 
Winos.  (L&lijcrrforr  cijusc  your  grounti  loW.  <Dr  if  pou  be  forcrTj  to  plant 
in  a  ijtgljcc  grounti,  let  tjigij  anb  strong  toals,  ijousrs,  ano  Crces,  as 
J&lalUnuts,  $Jlanc=trccs,  ©fees,  ant)  asfjes,  placeb  in  goob  orocr,  be 
pur  fence  for  Wintis. 

Cijc  sucken  of  pour  EJwclling-ijousc,  ticsccntiing  into  pour  ©rcijaro  (if 
it  be  rlcanlp  conucigfjeb)  is  gooti. 

Cijc  icunne  (in  some  sort)  is  tfje  life  of  tije  worltr.    It  makctij  prouti  Sunne. 
groWti),  anb  ripens  kintil)),  anb  sprcbilp,  accortiing  to  tljc  golocn  tcarmc; 
Annus  fructificdt,  non  tellus.    Ctjcreforc  in  tije  (Countries,  ncerer  ap= 
proartjing  tfje  Zodiake,  tije  jrunncs  fjabitatiou,  tijep  Jjaue  better,  anb 
sooner  ripe  fruit,  tijen  We  that  tiWell  in  tijese  frozen  parts. 

Cijts  prouokctij  most  of  our  great  Hrborists,  to  plant  &prirockcs,  (She?  Trees  a- 
rt'rs,  ano  Vcacijes,  bp  a  mall,  anb  Witij  tacks,  anb  otijer  mcancs  to  sprcati  §ainft  a 
tijrm  bpon,  ano  fasten  tijem  to  a  mall,  to  ijaue  tije  benefit  of  tije  immotie'  wal]- 
rate  refleie  of  tfje  Sun,  Wijicij  is  commenoable,  for  tfje  ijauing  of  faire, 
gooti,  anb  soone  ripe  fruit.  $3ut  let  tijem  knoW  it  is  more  fjurtfull  to  tijric 
trees  tijen  tije  benefit  tijep  reape  ttjcrebp  ran  rrciutre ;  as  not  suffring  a 
Cree  to  line  tije  tcntfj  part  of  his  age.  it  ijelpes  ©artiners  to  toorke,  for 
first  tije  mall  ijinbers  tije  roots,  berause  into  a  tirp  anb  ijart)  mall  of  eartij 
or  stone,  a  tree  mill  not,  nor  rannot  put  anp  root  to  profit,  but  especially 
it  stops  tijc  passage  of  sap,  toijerrbp  tijc  bark  is  mountieti,  ant)  tije  Wooti, 
anti  diseases  grom,  so  tjjat  tije  tree  becomes  sijort  of  life.  Jfor  as  m  tijc 
bobp  of  a  man,  tijc  leaning  or  Iping  on  some  member,  mijercbp  tije  course 
of  bloub  is  stopt,  makes  tijat  member  as  it  mere  beat)  for  tije  time,  till  tije 
blouti  rcturnc  to  ijis  rourse,  anti  $  tijinke,  if  tijat  stopping  sijoulb  continue 
anp  time,  tijc  member  Woulti  perisij  for  Want  of  blouti  (for  tije  life  is  in 
tije  blouti)  $c  so  enbanger  tijc  bobp:  so  tije  sap  is  tije  life  of  tijc  tree,  as 
tijc  blouti  is  to  mans  botip ;  ncitijer  tiotij  tije  tree  in  Winter  (as  is  sup= 
poscb)  mant  Ijis  sap,  no  more  tijen  mans  bobp  ijis  blouo,  wijicij  in  minter, 
anti  time  of  sleep  braWrs  inWarb.  *o  tijat  tije  ocab  time  of  minter,  to  a 
tree,  is  but  a  nigijt  of  rest :  for  tije  tree  at  all  times,  cuen  in  minter  is 
nourisijeti  Witij  sap,  anti  groWcti)  as  well  as  mans  botip.  Cije  cijtlling 
colti  map  mell  some  little  time  stap,  or  Jjinocr  tije  proub  course  of  tije  sap, 
but  so  little  anti  so  sbort  a  time,  tijat  in  cucrjt)  calme,  anb  milb  season, 
eucn  in  tht  tirptij  of  minter  (if  pou  marke  it)  pou  map  casilp  percciue  tijc 
sap  to  put  out,  anti  pour  trees  to  increase  tijeir  bubs,  mbicij  mere  formrb 
in  tije  summer  before,  anb  map  casilp  tijen  be  tjisccrncti :  for  leaues  fall 
not  off,  till  tijep  be  tijrust  oflf  lijitij  tijc  knots  or  butis,  mijercupon  it  comes 
to  passe  tijat  trees  cannot  bcare  fruit  plcntifullp  tmo  pecres  togctijer,  anti 
make  tijemsctues  rcabp  to  blossome  against  tije  seasonablcnessc  of  tije 
neit  Spring. 

Enb  if  anp  frost  be  so  extreme,  tijat  it  stap  tije  sap  too  mucij,  or  too 
long,  tijen  it  kils  tije  forluarb  fruit  in  tljc  bcrp  bub,  anb  somrtuncs  tljc 

muni 


Orchard 
as  good 
as  a  corn- 
field. 


Compared 
with  a 

Vine- 
yard. 


Compared 
with  a 
garden. 


Site,  An  Orchard.  Chap,  nil- 

trnber  Iraucs  anb  twigs,  but  not  tije  trrc.  (L&lijcrrforc  (to  returnc)  it  is 
pcrillous  to  stop  tije  sap.  ,3nb  wijerr,  or  wijen,  tuti  you  cttcr  sec  a  grrat 
tree  pacta  on  a  wall  ?  Xay,  wijo  XiiXi  cucr  knob)  a  tree  so  bnkinbly  splat, 
comr  to  agr?  £  fjauc  ijcarb  of  some,  tfjat  out  of  ttjeir  imaginary  running, 
ijauc  plantcb  suctj  hirers  on  tije  Nortij  sibc  of  tije  wall,  to  auoib  brougijt, 
but  tije  brat  of  tije  icunne  is  as  romfortablc  (wtjicb  tijey  stjoulb  ijaut 
regarbcb)  as  tijc  brougijt  is  ijurtfull.  &nb  altijougij  Watrr  is  a  sourraigne 
remeby  against  brougtjt,  yet  want  of  Sun  is  no  way  to  be  ijclpcb. 
2jJlltjrrrforr  to  ronrlubr  tijis  Chapter,  Irt  your  grounb  lie  so,  tijat  it  mag 
ijaur  tije  benefit  of  tije  soutij,  anb  west  3>unne,  anb  so  lob)  anb  rlosr,  ttjai 
it  man  baur  moisture,  anb  inrrease  fjis  fatnesse  (for  trees  are  tije  greatest 
suckers  anb  pillers  of  eartij)  anb  (as  murij  as  mag  be)  free  from  great  winbs. 

CHAP.   mi. 

Of  the  Quantltie. 

C  booulb  be  remembreb  wijat  a  benefit  rtsctij,  not 
oncly  to  cucry  partirular  owner  of  an  (Drrijarb 
but  also  to.  tije  common~wcaltij,  by  dfruit,  as 
sijall  be  sijrwcb  in  tije  16.  cijaptcc  ((Dob  milling) 
wijercupon  must  neebs  follow:  tije  greater  tije 
(Drrijarb  is  (being  goob  anb  well  kept)  tije  better 
it  is,  for  of  goob  tijtngs,  being  equally  goob,  tije 
biggest  is  tije  best,  anb  if  it  sijall  appeare,  tijat 
no  grounb  a  man  occupictij  (no,  not  tbe  (Corner 
ficlb)  ycclbetij  more  gaine  to  tije  purse,  anb  ijousc= 
keeping  (not  to  speake  of  tije  bnspeakable  pleasure)  ciuantity  for  quantity, 
tijan  a  goob  (Drrijarb  (besibes  tije  rost  \n  planting,  anb  bressing  an 
(Drrijarb,  is  not  so  mueij  ^  farre,  as  tije  labour  anb  feebing  of  your 
(Cornc^ficlbs,  nor  for  buranre  of  time,  romparable,  besibes  tije  certainty 
of  tije  one  before  tije  otjjcr)  %  see  not  ijob)  any  labour,  or  rost  in  tijis  kinb, 
ran  be  ibly  or  wastcfully  bcstowcb,oc  tijougijt  too  murij.  3nb  wijat  otber 
tijing  is  a  Wineyarb  (in  tbosc  rountries  wijece  Wines  boc  tijriuc)  tban  a 
large  (Drrijarb  of  trees  bearing  fruit  ?  (Dr  wijat  bifference  is  tijere  in  tije 
inter  of  tije  (Drape,  anb  our  (Hybrr  anb  ^erry,  but  tije  goobnesse  of  tije 
£oilr  anb  clime  wtjerc  tbey  grob)?  wbicij  maketij  tije  one  more  ripe,  anb 
so  more  pleasant  tijen  tije  otijer.  2J2Ut)atsocucr  can  be  saib  for  tije  benefit 
rising  from  an  (Drrijarb,  tijat  makes  for  tije  largenesse  of  tbe  (Drrtjarbs 
bounbs.  &nli  (me  tbinkes)  tijey  boc  preposterously,  tijat  bestob)  more 
cost  anb  labours,  anb  more  grounb  in  anb  bpon  a  (Sarben  tijan  bpon  an 
(Drrijarb,  toijence  tijey  reape  anb  may  reape  botij  more  pleasure  anb  more 
profit,  \i))  infinite  begrees.  Rnli  furtijer,  tijat  a  (Darben  neuer  so  fresij, 
anb  faire,  anb  well  kept,  cannot  continue  witijout  botij  renewing  of  tije 
eartij,  anb  tije  berbs  often,  in  tbe  sijort  anb  orbinary  age  of  a  man: 
wbcrcas  your  (Drrijarb  mell  kept  sijall  bure  biuers  bunbreb  ycercs,  as 
sball  be  sijeweb  cijapter  14.  In  a  large  (Drrijarb  tberc  is  murb  labour 
saueb,  in  fencing,  anb  ottjerwise:  for  tijree  little  (Drrijarbs,  or  few  tiers, 
bring  (in  a  manner)  all  out^sibes,  are  so  blasted  anb  bangercb,  anb  com= 
monly  in  keeping  neglectcb,  anb  require  a  great  fence ;  wijerras  in  great 
(Drrijarbs,  trees  are  a  mutuall  befence  one  to  anotijer,  anb  tije  keeping  is 
rrgarbeb,  anb  Irsse  fencing  scrues  six  arrrs  togctijer,  tijan  tijree  in  seuc= 
rail  inclosures. 

JloU) 


7 

What 
quantity 
of  ground. 
Want  is  no 
hindrance. 
How 
Land- 
lords, by 
their  te- 
nants, 
may 
make 
flou  ri- 
ming 
orchards 
in  Eng- 
land. 


Chap.  v.  An  Orchard.  Quantitie. 

Now  toijat  quantity  of  aroint*  is  mretest  for  an  (JDrrijar*  ran  no  man 
prrsrnbr,  out  tijat  must  be  Irft  to  euery  mans  seuerall  tubgrment,  to  or 
measure*  arrorotng  to  ijis  ability  an*  will,  for  otfjrc  neeessarics  testers 
fruit  must  be  tja*,  ant)  some  are  more  beligijte*  Xutti)  <Drcijar*s  tijru 
otyers. 

liet  no  man  ijautng  a  fit  plot  plea*  pouerty  in  tljis  rase,  for  an  (Drrfjar* 
cure  planted  will  maintain*  it  selfe,  an*  peel*  infinite  profit  besibes. 
an*  £  am  persWabr*,  tijat  if  men  *i*  knoto  tije  rigijt  an*  test  wan  of 
planting,  *rrssing,  an*  keeping  trees,  an*  felt  tije  profit  an*  pleasure 
tijerrof,  botij  tljey  tijat  ijaue  no  Orrtjarbs  woul*  ijaue  tijem,  an*  tbey  tijat 
ijaue  (Drrijarbs,  woul*  ijaue  tijem  larger,  yea  fruit  trees  in  tijeir  ijr*ges, 
as  in  Worstershire,  vVr.  En*  £  tijinke,  t§at  tije  want  of  planting,  is  a 
great  losse  to  our  eommon^wealtij,  &  in  partirular,  to  tfje  owners  of  llor*= 
stjips,  wijirtj  ?Lan*lor*s  tijrmselues  migijt  easily  amen*,  op  granting 
longer  terme,  an*  better  assuranre  to  tijeir  tenants,  wijo  Ijaue  taken  bp 
tl)is  yrouerbe :  Botch  and  sit,  Build  and  flit:  for  Wijo  wil  buil*, or  plant 
for  anotber  mans  profit  ?  Or  tije  parliament  migijt  enioyne  euery  orrupier 
of  grottn*s,  to  plant  an*  maintain*  for  so  mang  arres  of  fruitful!  groun*, 
so  mans  sruerall  trees  or  kinbe  of  trees  for  fruit.  Ctjus  murij  for  quantity. 

CHAP.  V. 

Of  the  Forme. 

?i}e  goo*nesse  of  tije  £oile,  an*  £ite,  are  neees= 
sary  to  tije  well  being  of  an  (Drrijar*  simply,  but 
tije  forme  is  so  farre  nrrrssary,  as  tije  owner 
sijall  tbinke  meet,  so  tijat  kin*e  of  forme  wijerr= 
witij  euery  partirular  man  is  *eligijte*,  we  leaue 
it  to  ijimselfe,  suum  cuique  pulchrum.  ^Tije  forme  The  usuall 
tbat  men  like  in  generall  is  a  square,  for  altijougb  forme  is  a 
roun*nesse  be  forma  perfectissima,  net  tijat  pnn=  fquare. 
eiple  is  goo*  wijere  neeessity  by  art*otij  not  forre 
some  otijer  forme.  Now  for  as  murij  as  one  puns 
ripall  en*  of  ©rrijar*s  is  rerreation  by  walkes,  an*  bniuersally  walkes 
are  straigijt,  it  followes  tijat  tije  best  forme  must  be  square,  as  brst  agree= 
ing  Witij  straigijt  Walkes:  net  if  any  man  be  ratber  beligtjte*  Witij  some 
otijer  forme,  or  if  tije  groun*  will  not  beare  a  square,  £  *isrommen*  not 
am;  forme  so  it  be  formall.  Sin*  a  square  mag  be  *rawnr  out  of  any 
forme  to  make  strrigijt  walkes ;  an*  no  forme  of  it  selfe  is  eitijer  goo*  or 
ba*  for  tije  trees.  H  Witijin  one  large  square  tije  <C5ar*nrr  sijall  make  one 
roun*  ILabyrintij  or  i*Ta?vr  Wttij  some  kin*e  of  iierrirs,  it  Will  graee  your 
forme,  so  tijere  be  sufueicnt  roomtij  left  for  Walkes,  so  will  foure  or  moe 
roun*  knots  *oe.  jfor  it  is  to  be  note*,  tijat  tije  rye  must  be  please*  witij 
tije  forme.  £  ijaue  seene  squares  rising  bp  *egrees  Witij  stales  from  pour 
ijouseWar*,  arror*ing  to  tbis  forme  wijirij  £  ijaue,  Crassa  quod  aiunt 
Minerua,  tottt)  an  bnstraby  ijan*,  rougij  ijetoen,for  in  forming  tijetCoun^ 
try  ©arbnrrs,  tije  better  sort  mag  bse  better  formes,  an*  more  rostly 
toorkr.  <L21ijat  is  nee*full  more  to  be  sai*,  £  referre  tijat  all  (eoneemtng 
tije  dforme)  to  tije  rijapter  17-  of  tije  ornaments  of  an  (Drrijar*. 


CHAP. 


8         Forme. 


An  Orchard. 


Chap.  v. 


A.  All  these  squares 
must  bee  set  with 
trees,  the  Gardens 
&  other  ornaments 
must  stand  in  spaces 
betwixt  the  trees, 
<fe  and  in  the  bor- 
ders aud  fences. 


B.  Trees  20.  yards 
asunder. 

C.  Garden  knot. 
I).  Kitchen  garden. 

E.  Bridge. 

F.  Conduit. 

G.  Staires. 

H.  Walkes  set  with 
great  wood  thicke. 

I.  Walkes  set  with 
great  wood  round 
about  your  Orchard. 

K.  The  out  fence. 

L.  The  out  fence 
set  with  stone  fruit. 

M.  Mount.  To  force 
earth  for  a  mount, 

or  such  like,  set  it 
round  with  quicke  ; 
and  lay  boughs  of 
trees  strangely  in- 
termingled, tops  in- 
ward with  the  earth 
in  the  middle. 

N.  Still-house. 

0.  Good  standing 
fur    Bees,    if     you 

haue  an  house. 

P.  If  the  Riuer  run 
by  your  doore,  and 
\  mler  your  mount 
it  will   be  pleasant. 


South. 


CHAP. 


Chap.  vi. 


An  Orchard. 


Fences. 


fence  be 
your 


Kinds  o 
fences. 
Earthen 
wals. 


CHAP.    VI. 

Of  Fences. 

t&JL  gout  labour  past  anb  to  come  about  an  Effca  of 
©rrijarb  is  lost  bnlrssc  gou  fence  tocll.  $t  sijall  euill  fences. 
gricuc  gou  mucij  to  see  gout  gonjj  sets  rubb  loose 
at  tije  roots,  ti)c  barkc  ptltj,  tije  bougbs  anb  tmigs 
cropt,  pour  fruit  stolnr,  gour  trees  broken,  anb 
all  pour  manp  grcrrs  Uabours  anb  ijoprs  bc= 
strogcb,  for  toant  of  jFcnccs.  B,  cijiefc  care  must 
be  ijab  m  tljis  point.  H?ou  must  therefore  plant 
in  surf)  a  soile,  coijere  gou  map  prouibc  a  ronue= 
nient,  strong,  anti  sccmclg  fence.  ,-fFor  gou  ran 
possesse  no  goobs,  tijat  ijauc  so  mang  enemies  as  an  (OHrtjarb,  look 
cijapt.  13.  ,-fFruits  are  so  bcligljtsomc,  anti  tiesireo  of  so  mang  (nag,  in  a 
manner  of  all)  anti  get  fern  mill  be  at  cost  anti  take  paines  to  prouitie 
tijem.  jFcncc  toell  tljerefore,  let  gour  plot  be  mijollg  in  gour  oumc  power,  Let  the 
tijat  gou  make  all  gour  fence  gour  selfe :  for  iJlcigijbours  fencing  is  none 
at  all,  or  berg  carrlesse.  Cake  ijeebe  of  a  tioore  or  minbom  (gea  of  a  mall) 
of  ang  otljcr  mans  into  gour  (Drrijacb  :  gea,  tijougij  it  be  naileti  bp,  or  tije 
mall  be  ijigi),  for  pcrijaps  tijeg  mill  proue  tijecucs. 

ail  ^Fences  commonlg  are  mabc  of  ISartij,  jrtonc,  lirickc,  <£2Hootr,  or 
botij  earti)  anb  mooti.  Drg  mall  of  rartij,  anti  tirg  Ditrfjcs,  are  tije  morst 
fences  sauc  pales  or  railes,  anti  tioe  maste  tije  soonest,  bnlessc  tijeg  be 
mell  copt  coitij  glooe  anb  morter,  mfjereon  at  jWigijilUtibc  it  mill  be  goob 
to  sou)  raall=flomccs,  commonlg  calleb  iiec=flo  luces,  or  minter  <EMllg= 
flomcrs,  because  ti)eg  mtli  grolu  (tijougij  amongst  stones)  anb  abibe  tije 
strongest  frost  anb  brougbt,  continuallg  greene  anb  flomrtng  euen  in 
?  23 niter,  anb  ijauc  a  pleasant  smell,  anti  are  timelg,  (tfjat  is,  tijeg  mill 
floure  tije  first  anb  last  of  Homers)  anb  are  goob  for  -b'ees.  &nb  gour 
cartijrn  mall  is  goob  for  13ees  "Org  anb  marine.  i3ut  tfjese  fences  are  botij 
bnseemelg,  euill  to  repaire,  anb  onelg  for  neebe,  InJjcre  stone  or  moob  can- 
not be  ijab.  <L&iijosoruer  makes  sucij  TOals,  must  not  pill  tt)e  grounb  in 
tije  cHrcijarb,  for  getting  eartl),  nor  make  ang  pits  or  ijollomes,  mfjicl)  are  botl) 
bnseemelg  anb  bnprofitable.  (Dlb  big  cartij  mixt  Umij  sanb  is  best  for 
tijrsc.  2Ti)i.s  kinbe  of  mall  mill  soone  becag,  bg  reason  of  tije  trees  mijicij 
grom  neere  it,  for  tijr  roots  anb  boales  of  great  trees,  mill  increase,  bnber= 
mine,  anb  ouerturne  suci)  mals,  tijougfj  tijeg  mere  of  stone,  as  is  apparant 
bg  Hsijes,  ivountiees,  ^urt=trees,  anb  suci)  like,  carricb  in  tije  cijat,  or 
beri'ie,  bg  birbs  into  stone  mals. 

^Fences  of  Dcab=bjoob,  as  pales,  mill  not  last,  neitijer  mill  railes  eitijer  Jal«  and 
last  or  make  goob  fence. 

~tonr=U)als  (mijerc  stone  mag  be  ijab)  are  tije  best  of  tijis  sort,  botij  for 
fencing,  lasting,  anb  sijroubing  of  gour  gong  trees.  13ut  about  tijis  must 
gou  bestom  mucij  paines  anb  more  cost,  to  ijaue  tijem  ijanbsome,  ijigij  anti 
burable.  . 

iiut  of  all  otijer  (in  mine  opinion)  (Quickmoob,  anb  ittoats  or  Ditcijes  *^  . 
of  mater,  mbcre  ti)'c  grounb  is  leuell,  is  ti)c  best  fence,    in  bncciuall 
grounbs,  mijicij  bill  not.  kecpe  mater,  tijere  a  boublc  bitri)  mag  be  cast, 
mabe  streigbt  anb  leuell  on  ti)e  top,  tmo  garbs  broab  for  a  t'atrr  U)alkc,fiuc 
or  si.r  foot  bigbec  tben  tije  sogle,  mitij  a  gutter  on  eitijer  sibe,  tmo  garbs 

mibe, 


Raile. 
Stone 

wals. 


wood  & 
Moatcs. 


IO 


Sets. 


An  Orchard. 


Chap.  7. 


Moatcs. 


Slips. 


Bur-knot. 


totbc,  anb  fourr  foot  "Cirrpc  set  tottijout,  Uu'tf)  tfjrrc  or  fourc  cfjesse  of 
Cfjomeis,  nno  mitijtn  Uiitij  ([Tijcrrp,  illumine,  Damson,  liullps,  jFtlbcrbs 
(for  £  lour  tijrsc  tires  better  for  tijeir  fruit,  anb  as  well  for  tijeir  formr, 
as  priuit)  for  pou  map  matte  tijrm  take  anp  formr.  Enb  in  cucrp  rornrr 
(ano  mtoolr  if  pou  mill)  a  mount  luoulo  be  ratsrb,  mijerrabout  tijc  mocb 
mag  claspc,  poujbcrrb  loitij  luooo-tiinr :  mijicij  mill  matte  miti)  brrssing  a 
fairr,  pleasant,  profitable,  ano  sure  fenee.  iSut  pou  must  be  sure  tijat 
pour  guirke  tijornrs  cittjer  groin  mbollp,  or  tijat  tijrre  be  a  supply  bctimc, 
citijrr  loitij  planting  nrln,  or  plashing  tbr  olo  loijcrc  Uiant  is.  ;3nb  assure 
pour  srlfe,  tijat  neitijer  looob,  stone,  eartij,  nor  mater,  ran  make  so  strong 
a  fence,  as  tljis  after  seuen  peeres  groaiti). 

/Boats,  ,-jfisij=ponbs,  ano  (rspcciallp  at  one  sioe  a  l\iuer)  toitijin  anb 
Imttjout  pour  fence,  lotll  afforo  pou  fisij,  fenre,  ano  mopsture  to  pour  trees, 
ano  pleasure  also,  if  tijep  be  so  grrat  ano  ocep  tijat  pou  map  ijaue 
Sloans,  ano  otijer  water  biros,  goob  for  beuouring  of  brrmme,  ano  a  boat 
for  many  goob  uses. . 

£t  sijall  ijarblp  auatle  pou  to  make  anp  fence  for  pour  (Prrijarb,  if  pou 
be  a  niggarb  of  pour  fruif.  Jfor  as  liberalttp  mill  saue  it  best  from  nop= 
some  netgtjbours,  librralitp  £  sap  is  tije  best  fence ;  so  tustice  must 
restraine  rioters.  STijus  loi)cn  pour  grounb  is  tempereb,  sciuarcb,  anb 
fenreb,  it  is  time  to  proutbe  for  planting. 

CHAP.  VII. 

Of  Sets. 

?!)rre  is  not  one  point  (in  mp  opinion)  about  an 
©rrijarb  more  to  be  regarbeb,  tijan  tfje  ci)otce 
getting  anb  setting  of  goob  plants,  eitijer  for  rea= 
binesse  of  ijauing  goob  fruit,  or  for  continual! 
lasting.  ,-fFor  mijosocuer  sijall  faile  in  tijc  rljoise 
of  goob  Sets,  or  in  getting,  or  gathering,  or  set- 
ting ijis  jiJlants,  sijal  ncuer  ijaue  a  goob  or  lasting 
(Drrbarb.  ilnb  £  take  Inant  of  skill  in  tijis  faculs 
tie  to  be  a  rtjicfc  ijinberanre  to  tije  most  (Dr= 
rijarbs,  anb  to  manp  for  ijauing  of  ©rrijatbs 
at  all.) 

Some  for  rcabincssc  bsc  slips,  mijicij  selbome  take  root:  anb  if  tijep 
boe  take,  tijep  cannot  last,  boti)  because  tijeir  root  ijauing  a  matne  Inounb 
mill  in  sijort  time  berap  tije  bobp  of  tije  tree :  anb  bcsibes  tijat  roots  bring 
so  loraklp  put,  are  soonc  nipt  mitij  brougijt  or  frost.  £  coulb  ncuer  see 
(ligijtlp)  anp  slip  but  of  Apples  onelp  set  for  trees. 

.a  bur-knot  kinblp  taken  from  an  apple  tree,  is  murij  better  anb  surer. 
$011  must  rut  Ijim  rlose  at  tije  root  enb,  an  Ijanbfull  bnber  the  knot, 
Some  bse  in  summer  about  Lammas  to  circumcise  ijtm,  anb  put  eartij  to 
tbe  knot  loitfj  ijap=ropes,  anb  in  minter  rut  f)tm  off  anb  set  i)im,  but  tins 
is  curiositp,  nceblcsse,  anb  banger  mitij  remouing,  anb  brougijt,  anb  rut 
aluap  all  ijts  tmigs  saue  one,  tije  most  prinripall,  mijirb  in  setting  pou 
must  leauc  aboue  tf)e  earti),  burping  ijis  trunrk  in  tije  crust  of  tijc  eartij 
for  ijis  root.  £t  matters  not  murij  mijat  part  of  tije  bougij  tije  tmig  gromes 
out  of.  H  it  groin  out  of  or  neere  tije  root  enb,  some  sap  suci)  an  .Hpple 
Uiill  ijaue  no  coarc  nor  kernrll.    (!3r  if  it  please  tije  Planter,  ije  map  let 

Ijis 


Chap.  7.  An  Orchard.  Sets.      1 1 

fiis  fiough  fir  rrookcti,  anti  leaue  out  ijis  top  cut),  one  foot  or  somewhat 
more,  wherein  will  fie  gooti  grafting,  if  cittjer  pou  like  not,  or  tioufit  the 
faut  of  tije  fiough.  (for  commonlp  pour  43ur=knots  arc  summer  fruit)  or  if 
pou  tijinkc  i)c  totll  not,  roucr  ijis  wounti  safclp. 

Cijc  most  fisuall  kintic  of  £cts,  is  plants  witij  roots  growing  of  kir^  Vfuali 
nrls  of  apples,  Scares,  anti  (JTrafis,  or  stones  of  Cherries,  ^lummcs,  &c.  Sets- 
rcmoucti  out  of  a  Nursecp,  <L<Llooti,  or  otijrc  (Drctjarti,  into,  anti  set  in 
pour  (Drrijarti  in  their  tme  places,     £  grant  tins  kintic  to  fie  ficttcr  ttjan 
citijee  of  the  former,  fip  much,  as  more  sure  anti  more  tmrafile.    herein 
pou  must  note,  tfjat  in  sets  so  rcmoucti,  pou  get  all  tfje  roots  pou  can,  ant)       . 
without  firuising  of  anp ;  $  uttcrlp  tiisltkc  tije  opinion  of  tijosc  great  <5ar=  Mainc 
timers,  that  following  their  fiookes  woulti  tjaue  tije  mainc  roots  cut  awap,  T°™  jjJJ1, 
for  tops  cannot  grow  without  roots.    anti  fiecause  none  can  get  all  tije  re^u^ 
roots,  anti  remouall  is  an  ijintirancc,  pou  map  not  leaue  on  all  tops,  wijen 
pou  set  tijem:  ,-fFor  tfjere  is  a  proportion  hctwiit  tfje  top  anti  root  of  a  tree, 
euen  in  the  number  (at  least)  in  tije  growttj.    $f  tije  roots  fie  manp,  tijep 
will  firing  pou  manp  tops,  if  thep  fie  not  ijintircti.  anti  if  pou  use  to  stoWe 
or  top  pour  tree  too  much  or  too  loin,  anti  leaue  no  issue,  or  little  for  sap, 
(as  is  to  fie  scene  in  pour  ijetigcs)  it  will  ijinticc  ti)e  growth  of  roots  anti 
fioale,  fiecause  suet)  a  kintic  of  stowing  is  a  kintic  of  smothering,  or  cf)oak= 
ing  tfje  sap.    y?reat  woot),  as  (Dafce,  IHlme,  asije,  &r.  ficing  continuallp 
kept  tiownc,  with  stjecres,  knife,  axe,  *cc.  neither  fioale  nor  root  mill  thciuc, 
fiut  as  an  hetige  or  fiusi).    $f  pou  intenti  to  graffc  m  pour  Set,  pou  map 
cut  ijim  closer  With  a  greater  mount),  anti  necrer  tfje  earttj,  within  a  foot 
or  two,  fiecause  tije  graft  or  grafts  mill  coucr  his  wounti.   If  pou  like  his 
fruit,  anti  woulti  Jjaue  ijim  to  fie  a  tree  of  tjimselfe,  fie  not  so  fiolti :  this  £ 
can  tell  pou,  tijat  though  pou  tioe  cut  i)is  top  close,  ant)  leaue  notijing  fiut 
ijts  fiulke,  fiecause  ijis  roots  arc  few,  if  i)c  fie  (fiut  little)  fiigger  tijan  pour 
ttjumfie  (as  £  wisij  all  plants  rcmoucti  to  fie)  ijc  will  safelp  rccoucr  f)is 
wounti  witfjin  seucn  pecres ;  fip  gooti  guidance  that  is  :  Jf  the  next  time 
of  dressing  immetiiatlp  afioue  tjis  uppermost  sprig,  pou  cut  ijim  off  aslope 
eleanelp,  so  that  the  sprig  stanti  on  tije  fiacke  sitie,  (anti  if  pou  can  Norths 
waro,  that  tije  wounti  map  i)aue  tije  benefit  of  *unnc)  at  tije  upper  cnti  of 
tije  Wounti :  anti  let  that  sprig  onelp  fie  tije  fioale.    anti  take  this  for  a  GeneraM 
generall  rule;  i£uerp  pong  ^Jlant,  if  i)c  tijriue,  will  rccoucr  anp  wounti  ruie. 
afioue  tije  earti),  fip  gooti  tircsstng,  alttjougij  it  fie  to  tije  one  ijalfe,  anti  to 
ijis  fierp  ijeart.  Ch'is  sijort  cutting  at  tije  remouc,  saues  pour  plants  from 
wtntic,  anti  nectie  tije  lesse  or  no  staking.    $  comment)  not  Hping  or  Tying  of 
ILeaning  of  JITrecs  against  ^cltis  or  *>taprcs ;  for  it  firecties  ofistruction  Trees. 
of  5ap  anti  wountis  tncurafilc.    ail  remouing  of  3Trces  as  great  as  pour  Generall 
arme,  or  afioue,  is  tiangerous:  tijougij  sometime  some  sucij  Will  grow,  fiut  rule- 
not  continue  long :  13ecausc  tijep  fie  tainteti  Witij  tieatilp  Wountis,  eitficr  m 
tfie  root  or  top.    (anti  a  tree  once  tijrougi)lp  tainteti  is  neucr  gooti.)    anti 
tfiougfi  tijep  get  some  ijolti  in  tije  earttj  Witij  some  lesser  taW,  or  tawes, 
wijictj  giue  some  nourisijment  to  tije  fiotip  of  tfie  tree :  pet  the  ijeart  ficmg 
tainteti,  \)t  Will  ijartilp  euer  tijriue;  wijicij  pou  map  castlp  tusccmc  fip  tije 
filacknesse  of  tfie  fiougijs  at  tfie  heart,  w^en  pou  tircsse  pour  trees,  also,  ^ns  of 
Wijen  ijee  is  set  Witij  moe  tops  tijan  tije  roots  can  nourisij,  tije  tops  tiecap^  ^eases- 
ing,  filacken  tfie  fiougfis,  anti  tije  fiougijes  tije  armes,  anti  so  ti)c  fioale  at      a' I3' 
tije  fierp  ijeart.  <Dr  tljis  taint  in  tije  remouall,  if  it  kill  not  presentlp,  fiut 
after  some  short  time,  it  map  be  tnsccrncti  fip  filacknesse  or  pclloWnessc 
in  tije  fiacke,  anti  a  small  ijungreti  leafe.     (Dc  if  pour  rcmoucti  \)iant  put 

fortij 


12        Sets.  An  Orchard.  Chap.  7. 

fortfj  leaucs  tfje  nm  ant  secont  Summer,  ant  little  or  fern  sprapcs,  it  is  a 
great  signc  of  a  taint,  ant  next  pecrcs  tcatlj.  $  tjaue  knoconc  a  tree  taintct 
in  setting,  pet  groto,  ant  brace  blossomcs  for  biucrs  pecrrs  :  ant  pet  for 
mant  of  strength)  roult  ncuer  sfjapc  ijts  fruit. 
Suckers  Xcit  bnto  ttjis,  or  rattjer  equal!  mitlj  ttjese  plants,  are  Suckers  grom= 

good  fets.  tng  out  of  tlje  roots  of  great  Crees,  mljirlj  (Sljcrrirs  ant  yiums  "boe  seU 
tome  or  neuer  mant:  ant  being  taken  femtJlg  totti)  tijeir  roots,  mill  make 
brrp  goot  Sets.  ant  pou  map  fjclpc  tfjem  muclj  bp  enlarging  tljcir  roots 
mitf)  tije  tames  of  tfje  tree,  mljcncc  pou  take  ttjem.  CJjcp  arc  of  tmo  sorts: 
lEitfjer  groining  from  tlje  beep  root  of  ttje  tree:  ant  Jjcrc  pou  must  fie  eare= 
full,  not  to  ljurt  pour  tree  mljrn  pou  gatijer  tijem,  bp  ripping  amongst  ti)c 
toots ;  ant  tljat  pou  take  tJjcm  eleanc  amap :  for  tfjese  are  a  great  ant 
continual!  annopanre  to  ttje  gromtfj  of  pour  tree:  ant  tljrp  milt  ijartlp  be 
cleansct.  Sccontlp,  or  tljep  toe  arise  from  some  tarn  :  ant  tijese  map  be 
taken  mitijout  tanger,  tottlj  long  ant  goot  roots,  ant  mill  soone  become 
decs  of  strcngtlj. 
A  Running  Cljcre  is  anotljcr  map,  mljirlj  I  f)auc  not  tbrougblp  prouct,  to  get  not 
Plant.  oncjp  giants  for  grafting,  but  Sets  to  rcmaine  for  Crccs,  mljirtj  $  call  a 
Running  Plant :  tlje  manner  of  it  is  ttjis :  Stake  a  root  or  kimcll,  ant  put 
it  into  ttje  mittlc  of  pour  plot,  ant  ttje  secont  peerc  in  ttje  Spring,  gelt 
ijis  top,  if  Jjc  ijaue  one  pcinripall,  (as  commonlp  bp  nature  ttjcp  ijaue)  ant 
let  ijim  put  fortij  onelp  fourc  (Cpons  tomart  tlje  fourc  corners  of  tlje  <Dr= 
rijart,  as  neere  tlje  eartij  as  pou  can.  If  tjee  put  not  fourc,  (mljicij  is  rare) 
stap  ijis  top  till  ije  ijaue  put  so  manp.  fctJilijcn  pou  ijaue  sucij  fourc,  cut 
tije  Stockc  aslope,  as  is  aforesait  in  tijis  ^tjaptcr,  tjart  aboue  tije  bppcr- 
most  sprig,  ant  kcepc  tljose  fourc  mitijout  (ffpons  eleanc  ant  strcigbt,  till 
pou  tjaue  ttjem  a  part  ant  an  ijalfc,  at  least,  or  tmo  parts  long.  Cljcn 
tlje  ntxt  spring  m  grafting  time,  lap  tomnc  ttjosc  foure  spraies,  tomarts 
tbe  foure  corners  of  pour  (Drrljart,  mtttj  ttjeir  tops  in  an  tjeape  of  pure 
ant  goot  carttj,  raisct  as  ijigtj  as  tlje  root  of  pur  (£pon,  (for  sap  mill 
not  tcsccnt)  ant  a  sot  to  kcepc  tljcm  tomne,  leauing  nine  or  tmclue  incbes 
of  tlje  top  to  looke  bpmart.  in  tljat  ijill  tjc  mill  put  roots,  ant  tjis  top  ncm 
(Cpons,  mljicij  pou  must  sprcat  as  before,  ant  so  from  Ijill  to  bill  till  tjc 
spreat  tlje  compasse  of  pour  grount,  or  as  farre  as  pou  list.  £i  in  bentr 
tug,  tlje  UTpons  crackc,  tlje  matter  is  small,  cleanse  tlje  grount  ant  tje 
mill  rccoucr.  12  tier  1;  bentct  bougtj  mill  put  forttj  branrljcs,  ant  become 
decs.  If  tijis  plant  be  of  a  burre  knot,  tljcre  is  no  toubt.  £  Ijaue  prouct 
it  in  one  bcanrJj  mp  sclfe :  ant  £  knorn  at  Wilton  in  Cleeue-land  a  ^Jeare^ 
tree  of  a  great  bulkc  ant  age,  blomnc  close  to  ttje  eactlj,  Ijattj  put  at  cuerp 
knot  roots  into  ttje  eactlj,  ant  from  root  to  top,  a  great  number  of  migijtp 
acmes  or  trees,  filling  a  great  roomtij,  like  manp  trees,  or  a  little  ©rcijart'. 
jtturlj  better  map  it  be  tone  bp  art  in  a  lessc  Crcc.  ant  £  coult  not 
mislike  ttjis  kinte,  saue  ttjat  tlje  time  milt  be  long  before  it  come  to  per= 
fection. 
Settes  ittanp  bse  to  bun  Sets  alreatp  graftet,  mljicij  is  not  tije  best  map.:  for 

bought.  nrst,  ail  remoucs  are  tangerous:  againc,  tijerc  is  tanger  in  ttje  car= 
nagc :  Cijirtlp,  it  is  a  costlp  course  of  planting :  jF ourttjlp,  cuerp  <!?>ar= 
ttner  is  not  trustp  to  sell  pou  goot  fruit:  dfiftlp,  pou  knobj  not  mljicij  is 
best,  mljicij  is  moist,  ant  so  map  take  most  care  about  pour  morst  trees. 
Ilastlp,  ttjis  map  kecpes  pou  from  practise,  ant  so  from  experience,  in  so 
goot,  (Sentlemanlp,  Scijolerlike,  ant  profitable  a  jFaciiltP. 

The  belt  2n)r  onti}}  i3fSt  Wflp  ^  mp  opinion)  t0   |)nur  mu  m^  [agtinCJ  SetS,  IS 

hcLS-  ncuer 


Chap.  7.  An  Orchard.  Sets.        13 

nrurr  to  rrmonc :  for  cucrp  rrmour  is  an  binbrranrc,  it  not  a  bangcrous 
ijurt  or  brablp  taint.  Cijis  is  tije  blag :  Cijc  |)lot=formc  bctng  laib,  anb  Vnre- 
tljr  |)lot  appointed  toljcrr  pou  mill  plant  cucrp  £ct  in  pour  (Drrljarb,  biggc  moued 
tijr  roomtlj,  UMjrrc  pour  iccts  sijall  stanb,  a  parti  compassc,  anb  make  tbc  how. 
rartt)  mrllobj  anb  clcanc,  anb  mingle  it  toitij  a  fern  coalc  asfjes,  to  auoib 
(LiLlormcs :  anb  immcbiatlp  after  tije  first  cfjangc  of  tije  itf  oone,  in  tije 
latter  cnb  of  jfebruarp,  tije  cacti)  bring  a  frcsij  turncb  oucc,  put  in  cucrp 
stir!)  roomtlj  tijrec  or  fourc  kirnrls  of  apples  or  iJcarrs,  of  tije  first:  cucrp 
kunctl  in  an  ijolc  matie  untij  pour  finger,  fingcr=becpc,  a  foot  distant  one 
from  anotfjrr:  ant)  tijat  frag  i'tfonctij  following,  as  manp  moe,  (lest  some 
of  tije  former  misse)  in  tije  same  eompasse;  tut  not  in  tije  same  Jjolcs. 
ii^enee  (<!3ob  bulling)  sijall  pou  ijaue  roots  cnoly.  it  tijep  all,  or  tiiucrs  of 
tijem  eome  op,  pou  map  brato  (but  not  big)  bp  (nor  put  bourne)  at  pour 
pleasure,  tije  neat  Xouember.  pijoto  manp  soeuer  pou  take  aaiap,  to  giuc 
or  bestom  clscluijcrc,  be  sure  to  leaue  turn  of  tije  proubest.  ilno  toijen  in 
pour  scconb  anti  tijirb  peere  pou  ©raffc  (if  pou  ©raffe  tijen  at  all)  leaue 
tl)r  one  of  tijose  tluo  bngraftrb,  lest  in  graffing  tije  otijer  pou  faile :  jfor 
$  ftnbc  bp  trpall,  ttjat  after  first  or  scconb  grafting  in  tije  same  £tockr, 
being  mtst  (for  toijo  ijits  all)  tije  tijiro  misse  puts  pour  irtockc  in  bcabip 
banger,  for  Uiaitt  of  tssuc  of  sap.  $?ca,  tijougij  pou  ijit  in  graffing,  pet 
man  pour  graffes  toiti)  i&linbc  or  otijeruiise  bee  broken  boUmc.  If  pour 
gra'ffrs  or  graffc  prosper,  pou  ijaue  pour  tiesire,  in  a  plant  bnrcmo'ucb, 
umijout  taint,  anti  tije  fruit  at  pour  olune  eljotse,  anti  so  pou  map  (some 
little  cartij  being  rcmoueb)  pull,  but  not  tiigge  bp  tije  otijer  iJlant  or'$)lants 
in  tijat  roomtij.  if  pour  graffc  or  ^torfcc,  or  botij  perislj,  pou  ijaue  anotijee 
in  tije  same  plare,  of  better  strengtij  to  luoiue  bpon.  Jfor  tijriuing  uutij= 
out  snub  ije  bjill  ouerlap  pour  grafteti  £torke  murij.  Rntt  it  is  ijartilp 
possible  to  misse  in  grafting  so  often,  it  pour  (!3arbincr  be  toorti)  ijis 
name. 

It  sijall  not  be  amt'ssc  (as  I  iubge  it)  if  pour  kirnrls  be  of  choice  fruit,  Sets  vn- 
anti  tljat  pou  see  tijem  eome  forlnarb  proutilp  in  tijrtc  botip,  antj  beare  a  grafted  belt 
faire  anti  broat)  leafe  in  colour,  tenbing  to  a  greenislj  pcllobj  (tuijicij  argues  of  all. 
pleasant  anti  great  fruit)  to  trp  some  of  tljem  bngraorb :  for  altljouglj  it 
be  a  long  tune  ere  tljis  come  to  beare  fruit,  ten  or  tttnibc  peercs,  or  moe ; 
anti  at  tijeir  first  bearing,  ti)c  fruit  Uitll  not  seeme  to  be  like  ijis  olune 
iuntie:  pet  am  i  assurcb,  bpon  triall,  brfore  tbJtntp  peers  grototf),  sucij 
*TTice6  anil  increase  tije  bignesse  anb  gootinesse  of  tijeir  fruit,  anb  rome 
perfcctlp  to  tijeir  olune  kinbe.    3Trees  (like  otijer  brccbing  creatures)  as 
tijep  grolu  in  prcres,  bignesse,  anb  strengtij ;  so  tijep  menb  tijeir  fruit. 
ii)usbanbs  anb  pijusbmtrs  finbe  tljis  true  bp  experience,  in  tije  rearing  of 
tijeir  pong  ^tore.    itf  ore  tijen  tljis,  tijere  is  no  tree  like  tijis  for  sounb= 
nesse  anb  burable  last,  if  ijis  keeping  anb  blessing  be  ansbjcrable.    i 
grant,  tije  reabiest  loap  to  come  soone  to  fruit  is  graffing:  because  in  a 
manner,  all  pour  (Braffes  arc  taken  of  fruit=bearing  decs. 

Kolu  luijeu  pou  ijaue  mabe  cijoise  of  pour  *ets  to  remoue,  tije  grounb  Time  of 
being  reabp,tijc  best  time  is,  immebiatlp  aftertije  fall  of  tije  Heafc,  in,  or  rcmouing. 
about  tije  ctjangc  of  tije  iBoone,  loijcn  tije  sap  is  most  ciutet:  for  tijen  tije 
sap  is  in  turning:  for  it  makes  no  stap,  but  in  the  extremity  of  brougljt  GencraU 
or  colb.   .Ht  anp  time  in  ujinter,  map  pou  transplant  trees,  so  pou  put  no  rule. 
Ice  nor  cnoto  to  tije  root  of  pour  pliant  in  tije  setting :  anb  tijerefore  open, 
ralme,  anb  moist  lueatijer  is  best.     2To  remoue,  tije  leafe  being  reabp  to 
fall,  ant}  not  fallen,  or  bubs  apparantlp  put  fortij  in  a  moist,  toatme  sear 

son, 


X4-       Sets.  An  Orchard.  Chap.  7. 

son,  for  nccb,  sometime  mag  boc  well;  but  the  safest  is  to  Walke  in  tije 
platnc  trobbrn  path. 

Some  ijo 1 0  opinion  tijat  it  is  nest  remouing  before  the  fall  of  ti)c  leafe, 
vV  I  tjcarr  it  commonly  so  prartiscb  tn  tije  couth  6$  our  best  Hrhorists, 
tije  leafe  not  fallen:  £  tijry  gtue  tije  reason  to  be,  that  tije  bescenbtng  of 
the  sap  Will  make  speeoie  roots.  i5ut  mark  tije  reasons  following,  anb 
i  think  you  sljall  finb  no  sounbnesse,  ettljer  \n  tijat  position  or  practise, 
at  least  tn  the  reason. 

1.  £  sap,  it  is  dangerous  to  remoue  Wl)cn  tije  sap  is  not  piet,  for  cuery 
remoue  gfues  a  maine  rt)cckc  to  tije  stirring  sap,  up  staying  tije  course 
tijereof  in  tije  hot)),)  of  gout  plant,  as  may  appeare  in  trees  rcmoucb  any 
time  \n  Summer,  they  commonly  tiie,  nay  harbly  sljall  you  saue  tije  life 
of  tije  most  yong  ant)  trnber  plant  of  any  ktnb  of  Woob  (scarcely  ijcrhs) 
if  you  remoue  tijem  tn  tije  prtoe  of  sap.  jFor  prottb  sap  uniurrsally  stairb, 
by  remouatl,  euer  ijinoers,  often  taints,  anb  so  presently,  or  in  urrie  sijort 
time  ktls.  £ap  is  Itke  hloub  in  mans  boby,  tn  Which  is  tije  life,  Chap.  3. 
pag.  5.  if  tije  blouti  bntucrsally  be  rolb,  life  is  cxclubeb ;  so  is  sap  tatnteo 
by  untimely  remouall.  3  stay  by  brought,  or  colo,  is  not  so  oangerous 
(tljo  dangerous  if  it  be  eatreme)  because  more  naturall. 

2.  Che  sap  neuer  oescenos,  as  men  suppose,  but  is  consolibatcb  ana 
transubstantiated  into  tije  substance  of  tije  tree,  ano  passetij  (alWatcs 
aboue  tije  eartij)  upWarb,  not  onely  hctWi.it  tije  hackc  ano  tije  Woob,  but 
also  into  &  in  botlj  booy  ano  barke,  tljo  not  so  plentifully,  as  may  appeare 
by  a  tree  kubbing,  nay  fructifying  tWo  or  tijree  yeers  after  be  be  ctrrum= 
ciseo,  at  tije  ucry  root,  like  a  iktuer  tijat  enlargetij  Ijis  cijannell  tn  a  con^ 
timiall  oescent. 

3.  i  cannot  pcrreiue  What  time  tijey  Woulb  ijaue  tije  sap  to  oesceno.  :Ht 
/tttosummer  in  a  biting  brought  tt  states,  but  oescenos  not,  for  tmmefct= 
atly  upon  moisture  it  maks  scronb  sijoots,  at  (or  before  ratijer)  itttchacU 
ttoe,  When  it  sijapens  ijis  hubs  for  next  yeers  fruit,  if  at  tije  fal  of  tl)e 
leafe,  i  grant,  about  tijat  time  is  ye  greatest  stanb  (but  not  descent)  of 
sap,  Which  begins  somWhat  before  tije  leafe  fall,  but  not  long,  ano  tijere= 
fore  at  tijat  tune  must  necos  be  tije  best  remouing,  not  hn  reason  of  tije 
oescent,  but  stay  of  sap. 

4.  Che  sap  tn  ijis  course  ijatij  ijis  profitable  ant*  apparent  effects,  as 
tije  growth  of  tije  Cree,  couering  of  Wounbs,  putting  of  bubs,  &e.  <i&lijcrr= 
upon  it  folloWcs,  if  tije  sap  oesceno,  it  must  necos  ijaue  some  effect  to 
shew  it. 

5.  Hastly,  houghs  plasijt  ano  laio  loWcr  tijan  tije  root,  Die  for  want  of 
sap  bescenbtng,  crcrpt  Where  it  is  forreo  by  tije  maine  streame  of  tije  sap, 
as  in  top  boughs  hanging  like  Water  \n  pipes,  or  except  tije  plasijt  hough 
lying  on  tije  ground  put  roots  of  ijis  own,  yea  unber  boughs  Which  We 
commonly  cal  Water=bougijs,  ran  scarcely  get  sap  to  Itue,  yea  in  time  oye, 
because  the  sap  both  presse  so  uiolcntly  upWarb,  anb  therefore  tije  fairest 
sijoots  anb  frutt  are  alWates  in  tije  top. 

Obiea.   If  you  say  tijat  many  so  remoueb  tijriue,  i  say  tijat  someWijat 
before  tije  fall  of  tije  leafe  (but  not  mucij)  is  the  stanb,  for  tije  fall  anb 
the  stanb  are  not  at  one  instant,  before  tije  stanb  is  bangerous.    13ut  to 
retume. 
Remoue  &he  sooner  in  5i2ilinter  you  remoue  your  *ets,  tije  better ;  the  later  tije 

Lone.         Worse :  jfor  it  is  ucry  perillous  tf  a  strong  brought  take  your  ~ets  before 
they  ijaue  mabe  goob  their  rooting,  .a  iUant  set  at  tije  dfall,  sljall  gaine 

(tn 


Chap.  7.  An  Orchard.  Sets.        15 

(in  a  manner)  a  tofjolc  gecrcs  grototfj  of  tfjat  tofjirfj  is  set  in  tfjc  Spring 
after. 

£  bsc  m  tfjc  setting  to  6c  sure,  tfjat  tfjc  eartf)  6c  rnoulog,  (anti  some;  The  man- 
tofjat  moist)  ttjat  it  man  run  among  tfjc  small  tangles  toitfjout  straining  ner  of 
or  bruising:  ano  as  £  fill  in  rartfj  to  fits  root,  £  sfjake  tfjc  £ct  casilg  to  fetting. 
anti  fro,  to  make  tlje  rartlj  settle  tlje  tetter  to  fjis  roots :  ano  mitfjall  casilg 
toitlj  mg  foot  £  put  in  tlje  eartf)  close ;  for  ajjre  is  nogsomc,  anti  toill  fol- 
loin  concauitics.    irome  prescribe  Oats  to  6c  put  in  Inttfj  tfjc  eartf).    £ 
roulo  like  it,  if  £  coultj  knoto  ang  reason  tfjerrof :  anti  tfjcg  bsc  to  set 
tljeir  yiant  luttf)  tlje  same  sttir  totoacb  tfje  £un ;  6ut  tfjts  eoneeit  is  like 
tfjc  otljer.  jFoc  first  £  tooulti  fjauc  cucrg  tree  to  stano  so  free  from  sfjaoe, 
tfjat  not  onclg  tlje  root  (tofjicfj  tijerforr  gou  must  keepc  6are  from  grassr) 
6ut  boog,  6ougijs,  anti  6ranrfjes,  ano  cucrg  sprag,  mag  fjauc  tf)e  benefit 
of  £>un.  Hno  tofjat  ijurt,  if  tfjat  part  of  tlje  tree,  tfjat  6efore  mas  sfjatmtocti, 
6e  nolo  maoe  partaker  of  tlje  Ijcat  of  tlje  £unne?    in  turning  of  13ees, 
£  knoto  it  is  tjurtfull,  6eeause  it  cijangettj  tljeir  entrance,  passage,  anti 
tofjolc  toocke:  43ut  not  so  in  STcrcs. 

jret  as  occpe  as  gou  can,  so  tfjat  in  ang  totsc  gou  goe  not  beneatfj  tfjc  Sct  in  the 

CrUSt.     ILOOlxC  Chap.' 2.  cruit- 

Sfflle  spake  in  tfjc  seconti  (Cfjaptcr  of  mogsture  in  gcnerall :  6ut  noto  Moyfter 
cspcciallg  fjauing  put  pour  rcmoueti  plant  into  ttjc  eartf),  potore  on  toater  §ood- 
(of  a  pubblc  tocre  gooti')  bg  Distilling  presently,  anti  so  euerg  torcke  twice 
in  strong  tirougfjt,  so  long  as  tfjc  eartij  mill  tirink,  &  refuse  bg  ourrfloto= 
ing.  dFor  mogsture  mollifies,  anti  6otfj  giucs  leaue  to  tfjc  roots  to  spreati, 
anti  makes  tlje  eartf)  gcclo  sap  anti  nourishment,  loitfj  plcntg  anti  facility. 
Xurscs  (tfjrg  sag)  giue  most  ano  6est  mtlkc  after  toarmc  orinkes.  £i 
gour  grouno  6e  sucfj  tfjat  it  mill  kcepc  no  mogsturc  at  tfjc  root  of  gour 
plant,  surf)  plant  sfjall  ncucr  liue,  or  6ut  for  a  time.  Cfjcre  is  notfjtng 
more  fjurtfull  for  gong  trees  tfjan  piercing  tirougfjt.  £  fjauc  knoton  trees 
of  gooti  stature  after  tfjcg  fjauc  6cene  of  outers  gecrs  grototfj,  ano  tf)rtue 
torll  for  a  gooti  time,  pcrisfj  for  toant  of  mater,  ant)  berg  mang  6g  reason 
of  taints  in  setting. 

it  ts  meet  gour  sets  anti  grafts  6c  fenect),  till  tfjrg  6c  as  6ig  as  gour  Grafti 
armc,  for  fearc  of  annoganccs.  iftang  mages  mag  sets  receiuc  oammages,  muil  be 
after  tfjcg  6c  sct,  tofjetfjee  tfjcg  6c  graftcti  or  bngrafteo.  jFor,  altfjougfj  tenced- 
me  suppose,  tfjat  no  nogsome  6cast  or  otfjer  tijing  must  fjauc  accesse 
among  gour  trees:  get  bg  casualtg,  a  2Dog,  (TTat,  or  sucfj  like,  or  gour 
selfe,  or  negligent  fricnti  6earing  gou  compang,  or  a  sfjrrtob  6og,  mag 
treat)  or  fall  Upon  a  goung  anO  rentier  plant  or  graft.  £To  auoto  tfjese  ano 
mang  sucfj  cijanccs,  gou  must  stake  tfjem  rounti  a  prcttie  oistancc  from 
tlje  set,  nettljer  so  ncerc,  nor  so  tfjicke,  6ut  tfjat  it  mag  fjauc  tfjc  benefit  of 
Sbunne,  Maine,  anti  aire.  $>our  stakes  (small  or  great)  tooulo  6c  so 
suielg  put,  or  tjriuen  into  tfjc  cartfj,  tfjat  tfjcg  6reake  not,  if  ang  tfjing 
ttappen  to  leanc  bpon  tljcm,  else  mag  tfjc  fall  6c  more  fjurtfull,  tijan  tlje 
toant  of  tlje  fence.  ILet  not  gour  stakes  sfjeltcr  ang  torctjs  a6out  gour 
sets,  for  toant  of  ^unnc  is  a  great  fjinoerance.  ILet  tfjem  stanti  so  far 
off,  tfjat  gour  grafts  spreatung  rcrciue  no  fjurt,  citfjer  6g  ru66ing  on  tfjem, 
or  of  ang  otfjer  tfjtng  passing  6g.  tf  gour  stock  6e  long,  ano  fjigfj  graftrti 
(tofjicfj  £  mucfj  oiscommcnti  (except  in  neeti)  6eeause  tijere  tfjc  sap  is  toeake, 
anti  tljen  are  su6iect  to  strong  tointi,  anti  tfjc  Itgljtmg  of  6tros)  tic  eastlg 
toitij  a  soft  list  tljrcc  or  foure  pricks  Onocc  tlje  clag,  ano  let  tljeir  tops 
stano  a6ouc  tlje  grafts,  to  auoio  tlje  Itgljtmg  ot  tTromes,  ^Jges,  xc.  bpon 

goal" 


6       Distance  of  trees.  An  Orchard. 


Hurts  of 
too  ncer 
planting. 


Chap.  8. 

pour  grafts.  If  pou  stickc  some  sljarpc  tftornrs  at  tije  roots  of  pour  stakes, 
t'iKP  totll  make  §urtfitU  things  krepe  off  tije  tetter,  ©tijer  better  fenees 
for  pour  grafts  I  knoco  none,    Slnb  ttjus  muri)  for  Sets  anb  Setting. 

CHAP.  VIII. 

Of  the  distance  of  Trees. 

IKnoto  not  to  totjat  enb  'pou  sijoulb  prouibc  goob 

grounb,  torll  feneeb,  anb  plant  goob  sets ;  anb 

roijen  pour  trees  sijoulb  eotne  to  profit,  ijaue  all 

pour  labours  lost,  for  toant  of  buc  regard  to  tije 

instance  of  placing  of  pour  trees.    I  ijaue  seene 

maim  trees  stano  so  tfjicke,  tijat  one  eoulb  not 

ttjriue  for  tije  throng  of  ijis  neighbours.    If  pou 

boc  marke  it,  pou  sijall  see  tije  tops  of  trees  rubb 

off,  tljetr  sibcs'gallcb  like  a  galled  ijorscs  backc, 

anb  manie  trees  ijaue  more  stumps  tljen  bougijs, 

anb  most  trees  no  toe  I  tijriuing,  but  sijort,  stumpisij,  &  euill  tijrtutng 

bougijs :  like  a  (!Tornc=ficib  ouec=sccbcb,  or  a  totonc  oucr^pcoplcb,  or  a 

pasture  oucr^lafb,  toijtrij  tije  <5arbincr  must  eitijer  let  groto,  or  leaue  tije 

tree  berie  frto  bougijs  to  beare  fruit.    jk)cmi  small  tijrtft,  gals,  toounbs, 

Diseases,  anb  sijort  life  to  tije  trees:  ano  toijile  tijep  lute  greene,  little, 

ijarb,  toocmc^catcn,  anb  euill  tijriuing  fruit  arise,  to  tije  biseomfort  of  tije 

oumcrs. 

2To  preuent  toijtrij  biseommobitie,  one  of  tbe  best  remebies  is,  tije  suffix 
rient  anb  fit  bistanee  of  trees,  therefore  at  tije  setting  of  pour  plants 
pou  must  ijaue  surij  a  respect,  tijat  tije  bistanee  of  tljem  be  sueij,  tijat 
euerie  tree  be  not  annoiancc,  but  an  ijelpe  to  ijts  fellolues:  for  trees  (as 
all  otljer  tijtngs  of  tije  same  kinbe)  sijoulb  sijrotob,  anb  not  ijurt  one 
anotijer.  Rn^  assure  pour  selfe  tijat  euerte  toueij  of  trees  (as  hull  bnber 
as  aboue  tije  eartij)  is  ij'urtfull.  flTtjcrforc  tijts  must  be  a  generall  rule  \n 
All  touches  tjjtg  art ;  {rrjjat  no  tree  ux  an  (Drctjarb  tocll  orbereb,  nor  bougij,  nor  (LTpon, 
brop  bpon,  or  toueij  ijis  fellobjes.  ILet  no  man  tijinke  tijis  bnposstble,  but 
lookc  in  pc  eleuentij  eijapter  of  bresstng  of  trees.  If  tijep  toueij,  tije  totnbe 
toill  cause  a  forcible  rub.  &>ong  ttoigs  are  tenber;  tf  bougijs  or  armes 
toueij  anb  rub,  if  tijep  are  strong,  tijep  make  great  galls.  No  kmb  of 
toueij  tijerefore  in  trees  can  be  goob. 

Noto  it  is  to  be  eonsibereb  totjat  bistanee  amongst  Sets  is  requisite, 
anb  tijat  must  be  gatljereb  from  tije  eompasse  anb  roomtij  tijat  eaclj  tree 
bp  probabilitic  totil  take  anb  fill,  &nb  ijerem  I  am  of  a  comrade  opinion 
to' all  tijem,  toijtrij  prartise  or  teaeij  tije  planting  of  trees,  tijat  euer  pet  I 
knebj,  reab,  or  ijearb  of.  jfor  tije  common  space  betlocen  tree  anb  tree  is 
ten  foot:  if  ttocnttc  foot,  it  is  tijougijt  berie  mucij.  Uut  I  suppose  trurntp 
parbs  bistanee  is  small  enougij  brttout  tree  vV  tree,  or  ratijer  too  too  little, 
jfor  tije  bistanee  must  neebs  be  as  far  as  tloo  trees  are  rod  able  to  ourr= 
spreab,  anb  fill,  so  tijep  toueij  not,  bp  one  parb  at  least.  Nolo  I  am 
assureb,  anb  I  knoto  one  ,apple=tree,  set  of  a  slip  finger-great,  m  tbe 
space  of  ttoentic  peeres  (toijictj  I  count  a  berie  small  part  of  a  trees  age, 
as  is  sljctocb  OTijapter  14.)  ijatij  sprcb  ijts  bougijs  cleuen  or  ttorluc  parbs 
eompasse,  tijat  is,  fine  or  six  parbs  on  euerp  stOe.  ^ence  I  gatijer,  tijat 
in  forty  or  fiftie  peeres  (toijirtj  pet  is  but  a  smalt  tune  of  ijts  age)  a  tree 
111  goob  sotlc,  tocll  lining,  bp  goob  blessing  (for  tijat  is  muci)  auaileable 

10 


Remedy. 


Generall 


hurtfull. 


The  beft 

diflance 
of  trees. 


Chap.  8.  An  Orchard.  Distance  of  trees.        iy 

to  this  purpose)  will  spread  bouble  at  tije  least,  viz.  twelue  parts  on  a 
sibc,  Wijicij  being  atilieti  to  tluelue  allottcb  to  his  fellow,  make  twentp  anti 
foure  parts,  anti  so  farre  distant  must  cuerp  tree  stanti  from  another. 
;Hnti  lookr  JjoW  farre  a  tree  spreads  his  houghs  abouc,  so  far  tiotlj  he  put 
his  roots  bnticr  the  earth,  or  rather  further,  if  thrrc  he  no  stop,  nor  let  bp 
toals,  trees,  rorks,  barren  eartij,  anti  such  like:  for  an  huge  bulk,  anti  partsofa 
strong  armes,  massic  boughs,  manp  branches,  anti  infinite  tWigs,  require  tree. 
Wibc=sprrabtng  roots.  Che  top  hath  the  bast  aire  to  spreati  hts  boughs 
in,  high  anti  low,  this  wap  anti  that  wap :  uut  the  roots  are  kept  m  tlje 
erust  of  the  eartij,  tijep  man  not  goe  tiobmcbjart,  nor  bpbjart  out  of  tije 
eartij,  Which  is  tijetr  element,  no  more  tijan  tije  jFisij  out  of  tije  Skater, 
UTamclion  out  of  tlje  3icc,  nor  icalamanbcc  out  of  tije  jFtrc.  tETijcrcfore 
tijep  must  neetis  spreati  far  bnber  tije  eartij.  :Hnti  5  tiare  toell  sap,  if 
nature  Woulb  giue  leaue  to  man  ftp  &rt,  to  tiresse  tije  roots  of  trees,  to 
take  atoap  tije  tatoes,  anti  tangles,  t|)at  lap  anti  fret  anti  groto  super? 
fluouslp  anti  tiisorterlp,  (for  eucrp  tijing  sublunary  is  rurseti  for  mans 
sake)  tije  tops  abouc  being  ansluerablp  tiresseti,  toe  sijoulti  ijaue  trees  of 
bjontjerfull  greatnesse,  anti  infinite  tiurance.  Hnti  $  pcrstoatie  mp  selfe 
tijat  tijis  migijt  be  tione  sometimes  in  Winter,  to  trees  stantitng  in  faire 
plaines  ant)  kintilp  eartij,  toittj  small  or  no  tianger  at  all.  £o  tijat  £  con? 
elutie,  tijat  tluentp  foure  parts  are  tije  least  space  tijat  &rt  can  allot  for 
trees  to  stanti  tiistant  one  from  anotijer. 

if  pou  aske  me  What  bsc  sijall  be  matie  of  tijat  waste  grounti  bctwiit  Wafte 
tree  anti  tree  ?  $  answer :  Jf  pou  please  to  plant  some  tree  or  trees  in  tijat  ground  in 
motile  space,  pou  map ;  antj  as  pour  trees  grolu  contiguous,  great  anti  an  orchard, 
tijicke,  pou  map  at  pour  pleasure  take  bp  tijose  last  trees.    UntJ  tijis  £ 
take  to  be  tije  cijicfe  cause,  bjijp  tije  most  trees  stanti  so  tijicke.  jFor  men 
not  knowing  (or  not  regarding)  tijis  secret  of  nectrfull  tnstancc,  anti  louing 
fruit  of  trees  planteti  to  tijetr  ijantjs,  tijinke  much  to  pull  bp  anp,  tijouglj 
tijep  pine  one  anotijer.  If  pou  or  pour  fjctrcs  or  successors  woulb  take  bp 
some  great  trees  (past  setting)  where  tijep  stanti  too  tijicke,  be  sure  pou 
tioe  it  about  jttibsummcr,  anti  leaue  no  maine  roots.    £  tiestinate  tijis 
space  of  foure  anti  twentp  parts,  for  trees  of  age  anti  stature,    iftore 
tijan  tijis,  pou  ijaue  borters  to  be  mabe  for  walfces,  bjitij  Koses,  i?er? 
nes,  &c. 

HntJ  cijieflp  consiber:  tijat  pour  ©rcftart,  for  tije  first  twentp  or  tijirtp 
peeres,  will  serue  pou  for  manp  Gartens,  for  ^afron,  llicoras, loots,  anti 
otijer  ijerbs  for  profit,  anb  floWcrs  for  pleasure :  so  tijat  no  grounb  neeb 
be  wasteb  if  tije  ©arbmer  be  skilfull  anb  biligent.  15ut  be  sure  pou  rome 
not  neere  witij  sucij  tittpc  belumg  tlje  roots  of  pour  trees,  wijose  compasse 
pou  map  partlp  bisrerne,  bp  ttje  compasse  of  tije  tops,  if  pour  top  be  well 
spreab.  .Hnti  bntier  tije  broppings  anti  stjaboW  of  pour  trees,  be  sure  no 
ijerbs  Will  like.    ILet  tljts  be  sato  for  tije  tnstancc  of  2Tcccs. 


CHAP. 


1 8        Placing  of  Trees. 


An  Orchard. 


Chap.  9. 


CHAP.   IX. 

Of  the  Placing  of  Trees. 

$35  plaringof  STrrrs  in  an  (Drrijaro  is  torll  toortfi 
tijr  rrgaro  :  jFor  altbougij  it  must  6c  grantrb  tbat 
am)  of  our  forrsaiti  <ZTrrrs  (Chap.  2.)  toill  lifer  torll 
in  anp  pact  of  pour  (Drrijarti,  bring  gootj  ano  well 
firrst  rartij :  pet  are  not  all  Cr res  alikr  toortbp 
of  a  gooo  place.  Slnti  therefore  5  toislj  tijat  pour 
jFilbrro,  lUlums,  Damsons,  iiulrssr,  ano  surf) 
like,  be  bttrrlp  rrmouro  from  tijr  plaine  soile  of 
pour  ©rrbaro  into  pour  fence:  for  tijrrc  is  not 
surij  fertilitie  ano  easefull  grototb,  as  toitfjin: 
ano  tijrrr  also  tbrp  arc  more  subiect,  ano  can  better  abfbr  tijr  blasts  of 
iEolus.  2Tbr  (tfijrtirs  ano  iJlums  bring  ripr  in  tijr  Jjot  timr  of  Summer, 
ano  tbr  rrst  standing  longrr,  arr  not  so  soon  sijakm  as  pour  brttrr  fruit : 
nritijrr  if  tijrp  suffrr  lossr,  is  pour  lossr  so  grrat.  iSrsrtrs  tijat,  pour 
fmrrs  ano  tiftrbrs  toill  oruourr  somr  of  pour  fruit  growing  in  or  nrrre 
pour  brbgrs.  Hnti  srring  tljr  rontinuanrr  of  all  tijrsr  (rirrpt  Kuts)  is 
small,  tljr  carr  of  tijrm  ougijt  to  br  tijr  Irssr.  %LvlH  makr  no  tioubt,  but 
tljr  fmrrs  of  a  large  (Prrijarti  toill  containr  a  suffirimt  numbrr  of  surl) 
kino  of  jFruit^trrrs  in  tljr  toijolr  rompassr.  It  is  not  matrriall,  but  at 
pour  plrasurr,  in  tijr  sato  fmrrs,  pou  map  ritljrr  intrrminglr  pour  srur= 
rail  kinos  of  fruit-trrrs,  or  srt  rurrp  kino  bp  Ijimsrlfr,  toijirij  ortirr  tiotlj 
brrp  torll  brromr  pour  brttrr  anti  grratrr  fruit'.  ILrt  tljrrrforr  pour  Hpplrs, 
iJcarrs,  ano  ^uinrfjrs,  possrssr  tijr  sotlr  of  pour  ©rrijaro,  bnlrssr  pou 
be  esperiallp  affrrtro  to  somr  of  pour  otljcr  kinbs :  and  of  tijrm  Irt  pour 
grratrst  Crrrs  of  grototb  stano  furtljrst  from  *unnr,  ano  pour  (Quinrijrs 
at  tbr  jcoutij  sior  or  mb,  ano  pour  .Hpplrs  in  tijr  mibolr,  so  sijall  nonr 
br  anp  bintiranrc  to  ijis  frllotors.  STijr  fc&tarbrn^trrr,  ano  totntrr  yrarr 
toill  rljallmgr  tljr  prrljrminmrr  for  staturr.  (Of  pour  applr-trrrs  pou 
sijall  ftnbr  titffrrrnrr  in  grototij.  :E  gooo  pippin  totll  groto  largr,  ano  a 
tTostaro  trrr :  strao  tijrm  on  tbr  Nortij  sibr  of  pour  otbrr  Epplrs,  tfjus 
bring  plarrti,  tljr  Irast  toill  giur  £unnr  to  tbr  rrst,  ano  tijr  grratrst  Unll 
sijrouo  tijrtr  frllotors.    2Tijr  fmcrs  anti  out-trrrs  toill  guaro  all. 


Of  grauing 
or  caruing. 

Grafting 
what. 


A  Grafle. 


CHAP.    X. 

Of  Grafting. 

<Dra  arr  tor  come  to  tijr  mo,st  rurious  point  of  our  farultp: 
rurious  in  conceit,  but  intjceo  as  plaine  anti  easie  as  tijr 
rrst,  toijm  it  is  platnlp  sbrtonr,  tobirij  tor  rommonlp  rail 
Grafting,  or  (aftrr  SOinr)  Grafting.  $  rannot  Etymoligize, 
nor  sijrto  tijr  ongmall  of  tbr  toorb,  rxrrpt  it  romr  of  grauing 
anti  rartong.  ISut  tijr  tbing  or  mattrr  is:  2Tbr  rrforming 
of  tljr  jFruit  of  onr  3Trrr  toitij  tijr  fruit  of  anotljrr,  bp  an  artificial  trans= 
placing  or  transposing  of  a  ttoig,  buo  or  Irafr,  (rommonlp  rallro  a  Graft) 
taken  from  onr  trrr  of  tijr  samr,  or  somr  otijrr  kino,  ano  placro  or  put 
to,  or  into  anotljrr  trrr  in  our  time  ano  mannrr. 

©f 


An  Orchard. 


Of  Grafting.        jq 


©f  tfjts  tfjere  be  ^titers  kinbs,  but  tbrrr  or  fourr  noto  esperiallp  in  use :  Kinds  of 
to  but,  ©rafting,  innsing,paeking  on,  grafting  in  ttje  seutrbion,  or  moctis  grafting. 
lating:  toijrrrof  tfje  rfjirfe  anb  most  bsuall,  is  rallrb  grafting  (tip  tfje 
genrrall  name,  Cat  ahexocen  :)  for  it  is  tfje  most  knoume,  surest,  rrabiest, 
ano  plainest  bjap  to  fjaue  store  of  goob  fruit. 

it  is  ttus  toro'ugljt :  ^fou  must  bjitij  a  fine,  tfjin,  strong,  anb  sfjarpe  Graft  how 
£ato,  maoe  an*  armeb  for  tfjat  purpose,  rut  off  a  foot  aboue  tfje  grounb, 
or  tfjerrabouts,  in  a  plaine  toitfjout  a  knot,  or  as  neere  as  pou  ran  U)itfj= 
out  a  knot  (for  some  JJtorks  bill  be  knottie,)  pour  £torkr',  set  or  plant, 
bring  surrlp  staieo  toiif)  pour  foot  ano  legge,  or  otfjertotse  strrigfjt  ouer= 
tfjloart  (for  tfje  £toeke  map  be  rrookeb)  ano  tfjm  plaine  fjis  toounb 
smoottjlp  bjitfj  a  sfjarp  knife :  tijat  bone,  rleaue  fjim  rleanlp  in  tfje  mibble 
Iruti)  a  elcauer,  anb  a  knorke  or  mall,  anb  bjitfj  a  toebge  of  tooob,  Eron  or 
iionr,  turn  fjanbfull  long  at  least,  put  into  tfje  mibble  of  tfjat  rlift,  toitf) 
tfje  same  knorke,  make  tije  toounb  gape  a  stralo  brebtfj  loibe,  into  lutjirl) 
pou  must  put  pour  ©raffrs. 

Cfje  ©raft  is  a  top  tloig  taken  from  some  otfjer  STrre  (for  it  is  follp  to  A  Graft 
put  a  graffe  into  fjts  ouine  *torke)  beneatij  tfje  bppermost  (anb  sometime  what. 
in  neeo  tfje  seronb)  knot,  anb  bjitfj  a  sfjarpe  knife  fftteb  in  tfje  knot 
(anb  sometime  out  of  tfje  knot  toljen  neebe  is)  Untij  sfjoulbers  an  pnrfj 
boUmrloarb,  anb  so  put  into  tfje  stocke  toitf)  some  tijrusting  (but' not 
straining)  barke  to  barke  inloarb. 

?irt  pour  graffe  fjauc  tfjrre  or  foure  epes,  for  reabinesse  to  put  fortf),  Eyes. 
anb  giue  issue  to  the  sa#.  it  is  not  amisse  to  rut  off  tfje  top  of  pour  graffe, 
anb  leaue  it  but  fiue  or  six  tnrfjrs  long,  beeause  rommonlp  pou  sljall  see 
tfje  tops  of  long  graffes  tit.  <£fje  reason  is  tfjis.  flTfje  sa'p  in  grafting 
reeeiues  a  rebuke,  anb  eannot  loorke  so  stronglp  presentlp,  anb  pour 
graffes  rereiue  not  sap  so  eeabilp,  as  tfje  naturall  branrljes.  £&lfjen  pour 
graffes  are  eleanlp  anb  rloselp  put  m,  anb  pour  toebge  pulb  out  nim'blp, 
for  feare  of  putting  pour  graffes  out  of  frame,  take  toell  tempereb  mortrr,' 
sounblp  torougfjt  toitf)  rfjaffe  or  fjorsrbung  (for  tfje  bung  of  rattell  totll 
grolu  fjarb,  anb  straine  pour  graffes)  tije  ciuantttp  of  fl  ©ooses  egge,  anb 

tinitz 


20 


Gathering 
Graffes. 


Graffes  of 
old  trees. 


Where 
taken. 


Emmits. 


Chap.  10.  An  Orchard,  Of  Grafting. 

titutXie  it  iiurt,  ano  tijcrctoitijall  rouer  pour  stoeke,  laping  tljr  one  ijalfe  on 
ttje  one  star,  anb  tije  ottjer  balfc  on  tlje  otijer  sibc  of  pour  graffes  (for 
thrusting  against  pout  graffes  pou  moue  tijem,)  ano  let  botij  pour  tjanbs 
tbrust  at  once,  ano'  alike,  vV  let  pour  elan  be  tenber,  to  peelb  casilp;  ano 
all,  lest  pou  moue  pout  graffes.  *omc  bse  to  couec  tije  eltft  of  tfje  £tockc 
bnber  the  clap  toitij  a  pecce  of  barkc  or  leafe,  some  toitij  a  sear=rlotfj  of 
ujaxe  ano  butter,  toijicij  as  tijep  be  not  much  neeofull,  so  tijep  hurt  not, 
bnlossc  tfjat  op.  being  busie  about  tijem,  pou  moue  pour  graffes  from  tijeir 
places.  Cljep'  bse  also  mosse  tpeb  on  aboue  tije  clap  tottf)  some  brier, 
ujtcker,  or  other  banos.  flTijcsc  profit  nothing.  flTbcp  all  put  tije  graffes 
in  banger,  toitfj  pulling  anb  tijrusting :  for  I  ijolb  this  generall  rule  in 
grafting,  anb  planttng:  if  pour  stoeke  anb  graffes  take,  anb  tijriuc  (for 
some  unit  take  anb -not  tijriue,  being  tainteb  bp  some  meanes  in  tije  plants 
ing  or  grafting)  tijep  toill  (toitijout  boubt)  recouer  tijeir  toounbs  safelp  anb 
sijortlp. 

CJje  best  time  of  grafting  from  tfje  time  of  remouing  pour  stoeke  is  tfje 
neit  Spring,  for  that  saues  a  seeonb  bjounb,  anb  a  seeonb  repulse  of  sap, 
if  pour  stoeke  be  of  sufficient  bignessc  to  take  a  graffe  from  as  big  as 
pour  tljumbe,  to  as  bigge  as  an  atme  of  a  man.  J?ou  map  graffe  lessc 
(tofjicfj  $  like)  anb  bigger,  tofjicfj  $  like  not  so  toell.  Cfje  best  time  of  tfje 
peere  is  in  tfjc  last  part  of  February,  or  \n  March,  or  beginning  of  Aprill, 
toijen  the  Sunnc  untfj  fjtss  fjcat  beginnes  to  make  ttje  sap  stirre  more 
ranklp,  about  tfje  cfjangc  of  iHoonc  before  pou  see  anp  great  apparancp 
of  leafe  or  flobjers,  but  onelp  knots  anb  bubs,  anb  before  tfjep  be  proub, 
tljougfj  it  be  sooner.  UTfjencs,  Scares,  apricoeks,  (Quinces  anb  ^lummes 
bjoulb  be  gatfjereb  anb  grafteb  sooner. 

fllfje  graffes  map  be  gatfjereb  sooner  in  February,  or  anp  time  toitfjin  a 
monetfj,  or  turn  before  pou  graffe,  or  bpon  tfje  same  bap  (tofjicfj  $  com= 
menb.)  $f  pou  get  tfjem  anp  time  before,  for  $  ijaue  knotonc  graffes 
gatijereb  in  December,  anb  boe  tocll,  take  fjeeb  of  brougfjts.  $  fjaue  mp 
selfe  taken  a  bur  knot  of  a  tree,  anb  tfje  same  tiap  tofjen  tjc  toas  laib  in 
ttje  eartij  about  mib  February,  gatijereb  grafts  anb  put  in  fjim,  anb  one  of 
those  graffes  bore  tlje  tljirb  peere  after,  anb  tije  fourtij  plentifullp.  tScaffcs 
of  olb  trees  looulb  be  gatijereb  sooner  tijan  of  pong  trees,  for  tijep  sooner 
breake  anb  bub.  $f  pou  keepe  graffes  in  ttje  eartij,  moisture  tottij  tije  ijeat 
of  tije  iounne  toill  make  tijem  sprout  as  fast,  as  if  tijep  bjere  growing  on 
tije  tree.  lEnb  ttjerefore  seeing  keeping  is  bangerous,  tije  surest  toap  (as 
$  uibge)  is  to  take  tijem  bjitijm  a  toeekc  of  tije  time  of  pour  grafting. 

STijc  grafts  tooulb  be  taken  not  of  tije  proubest  ttoigs,  for  it  map  be 
pour  ictorkc  is  not  anstocrablc  in  strengtij.  Hub  tijerefore  (sap  5)  tije 
grafts  brougijt  from  jtoutij  to  bs  in  tije  Nortij,  altijougij  tijep  take  anb 
tijnue  (tofjicfj  is  someloijat  boubtfull,  bp  reason  of  tije  Difference  of  tije 
(Clime  anb  carriage)  pet  sijall  tijep  m  tune  fasijion  tijcmselues  to  our  colb 
Koctijerne  ieoplc,  in  grobJtij,  taste,  &c.  Nor  of  tije  poorest,  for  toant  of 
strengtij  map  make  tijem  bnreabp  to  receiue  sap  (anb  loijo  can  tell  but  a 
poorc  graft  is  tainteb)  nor  on  ttje  outsibe  of  pour  tree,  for  tijere  sijoulb 
pour  tree  sprcab  but  in  tije  mibbest :  for  tijere  pou  map  be  sure  pour  2Tree 
is  no  tofjtt  ijuibereb  in  fjts  grobJtij  or  forme.  %}c  toill  still  recouer  tntoarb, 
more  tijan  pou  looulb  bjtsij.  Jf  pour  clap  clift  in  summer  toitlj  brougijt, 
looke  bjell  in  ttje  (Cijinkcs  for  iSmmtts  anb  1£arctoigs,  for  tijep  are  cun^ 
nmg  anb  close  tijeeues,  about  grafts  pou  sijall  finbe  tijem  stirring  in  tije 
morning  or  eucntng,  anb  tije  ratljcr  in  moist  tocatfjec.    $  ijaue  ijab  manp 

pong 


Grafting.  An  Orchard.  Chap.  10.        21 

pong  hubs  of  (Praffcs,  euen  in  the  flouristjing,  eaten  tottfj  Sluts.  ?ict  thjs 
suffice  foe  grafting,  Inijirt)  is  in  the  faculty  countcb  tlje  ehicfe  secret,  anb 
because  it  is  most  bsuall,  it  is  test  knomne. 

(Praffes  are  not  to  bee  btslikcb  for  growth,  till  theg  toithcr,  pine,  anb 
tit.  itsuallg  before  i¥libsummcr  theg  hrcake,  if  theg  liue.  *ome  (tut 
frln)  keeping  pronti  ant)  grecne,  bull  not  put  till  tlje  scconb  gecce,  so  is  tt 
to  te  thought  of  *cts. 

STtK  first  shew  of  putting  is  no  sure  signe  of  growth,  it  is  tut  the  sap 
the  graffe  brought  wittj  htm  from  his  tree. 

&o  soone  as  gou  see  the  graft  put  for  growth,  take  awag  the  elate,  for 
then  both  neither  the  stocke  nor  tlje  graffe  nceb  it  (put  a  little  fresh  well= 
tempereo  elaie  in  the  hole  of  the  stocke)  for  tt)c  elaic  is  now  tenber,  anb 
rattjer  keepes  moisture  than  brought. 

Che  other  waics  of  etjanging  the  naturall  fruit  of  Crees,  are  more 
curious  than  profitable,  anb  therefore  £  minoe  not  to  testolu  much  latour 
or  time  atout  them,  onclg  £  shall  make  knownc  what  i  t)auc  proucb,  anb 
what  £  ooe  thinkc. 

ano  first  of  inrising,  which  is  the  cutting  of  the  tarke  of  the  toale,  a  incifmg. 
rine  or  branch  of  a  tree  at  some  tending  or  knee,  shoulbcrwise  with-  turn 
gashes,  onelp  with  a  stjarpe  knife  to  the  woob  :  ttjen  take  a  webge,  the 
tignesse  of  gour  graffe  stjarpe  cnocti,  flat  on  the  one  sibc,  agreeing  with  the 
tree,  anb  rouno  on  tije  ottjer  sioe,  anb  with  ttjat  being  ttjrust  in,  raise 
pour  tarke,  ttjen  put  in  gour  graffe,  fasijioneo  like  pour  webge  iust:  and 
fastlp  couer  gour  wounb,  ano  fast  it  up,  ana  take  Ijccb  of  straining.  Ctjis  A  great 
will  grow  tut  to  small  purpose,  for  it  is  wcakc  holb,  ana  lightlg  it  bull  ftocke- 
te  bnacr  growth.  Chus  map  gou  graft  betWiit  tije  barke  anb  tije  tree  of 
a  great  stocke  that  unll  not  easilp  be  cltfteb  :  i3ut  $  ijaue  tctcb  a  better 
wag  for  great  trees,  viz.  dfirst,  cut  him  off  straight,  anb  cleanse  tjim  witk- 
pour  knife,  ttjen  cleaue  tjim  into  foure  quarters,  ecmallg  with  a  strong 
cleauer:  ttjen  take  for  eucrg  (tflift  two  or  three  small  (but  tjarb)  webges 
iust  of  tlje  bignesse  of  gour  grafts,  anb  with  ttjose  &&lebges  briuen  in 
with  an  tjammer  open  tlje  foure  clifts  so  wibc  (but  no  wtber)  ttjat  theg  map 
take  pour  foure  graffes,  with  ttjrusting,  not  with  straining :  anb  lastlg, 
couer  anb  clap,  it  closclg,  anb  this  is  a  sure  anb  goob  wag  of  grafting: 
or  thus,  rlift  pour  stocke  bg  his  cbges  twice  or  thrice  with  pour  cleauer, 
anb  open  tjim  with  gouc  webge  in  euerg  clift  one  bg  one,  anb  put  in  gouc 
grafts,  anb  ttjen  couer  ttjem.    Chis  mag  boc  well. 

packing  on  is,  wljrn  gou  cut  aslope  a  twig  of  the  same  bignesse  with  Packing 
gour  graft,  eitijer  in  or  b'estbes  ttc  knot,  turn  metes  long,  anb  make  gouc  thus- 
graft  agree  iumpe  tout  tije  (Cgon,  anb  gastj  gour  graft  anb  gour  tTgon  in 
tlje  mtbbest  of  ttje  vuounb,  lengttjujag,  a  strab)  breabttj  beepe,  anb  ttjrust 
tlje  one  into  tbe  ottjer,  ruounb  to  luounb,  sap  to  sap,  barke  to  barke,  ttjen 
tge  them  close  anb  clag  them.  Ctjis  mag  boe  roell.  Ctje  fairest  graft  i 
tjauc  m  mg  little  ©rctjacb,  bjijictj  £  tjaue  planteb,  is  ttjus  packt  on,  anb 
tlje  branrlj  bjijereon  i  put  Ijim,  is  Ijis  plentiful  root. 

Co  be  short  in  this  point,  cut  gour  graft  m  ang  sort  or  fashion,  ttoo 
incljes  long,  anb  logne  him  cleanlg  anb  close  to  ang  ottjer  sprig  of  ang 
tree  in  the  latter  enb  of  tlje  time  of  grafting,  roljen  sap  is  somebjljat  rife, 
anb  n\  all  probability  tljeg  Will  close  anb  tijnue:  ttjus, 

-7    JT 7 


The  fprig.  The  graft.  The  twig.    .     The  graft. 

©r  ang  ottjer  fashion  you  tljmue  goob.  Inoculating 


2  2        Dressing. 


An  Orchard. 


Chap.  II. 


inoculating  is  an  cgc  or  bub,  taken  barkc  anb  all  from  one  tree,  anb 
Inocula-  placet)  in  tlje  roomc  of  aitotijcc  cgc  or  buo  of  anottjer,  rut  fcoti)  of  one  rom^ 
ting.  passe,  anb  there  bounb.  flTijts  must  be  bone  in  Summer,  wijen  tije  sap  10 

proub. 

ftturfj  like  unto  ti)is  is  tijat,  tijeg  rail  grafting  in  tije  scutdjion.  Cijcg 
differ  thus:  CJjat  ijerc  gou  must  take  an  cgc  witlj  ijis  leafe,  or  (in  mine 
opinion)  a  bull  witij  ijis  leaues.    (Note  tfjat  an  tit  is  for  a  (ttgon,  a  bub 
Graffing  in  is  for  flowers  anb  fruit,)  anb  place  them  on  anotijer  tree,  in  a  plaine  (for 
the  Scutch-  so  tijeg  tcacij ;)  tije  place  or  barke  wijecc  gou  must  set  it  must  be  tijus  rut 
ion-  witf)  a  sijarpe  knife,  anb  tije  sucij  mag  grow.  Slnti  pour  buo 

barkc  raiseb  toiti)  a  webge,  anb  if  ijc  take  will  flowrc  ano  bearc 

tljcn  tije  cgc  or  buo  put  in  anb  so  fruit  tijat  peere :  as  some  grafts 

bounb  bp.    J  cannot  oenie  but  '      anb  sets   also,  being  set  for 

bloomes.  Jf  these  two  ktnbcs  tijriur,  tijeg  reforme  but  a  sprag,  anb  an 
bnbrrsgrowtfj.  CTijus  gou  map  plare  Moses  on  {ETijorncs,  ano  (liberies  on 
Apples,  anb  sucij  like,  iJftattg  lurite  murij  more  of  grafting,  but  to  small 
purpose.  (E&lijom  toe  leaue  to  tljemsclucs,  ano  their  followers;  anb  cub- 
ing tljis  secret  toe  come  in  tlje  next  UTijapter  to  a  point  of  knowlrbge  most 
rniuisitc  in  an  Hrborist,  as  well  for  all  ottjer  woobs  as  for  an  ©ccijarb. 

CHAP.   XI. 

Of  the  right  dressing  of  Trees. 

,-fF  all  tijese  tfjings  aforesaib  lucre  inbrcb  per^ 

formeb,  as  wee  Ijaue  sijeweb  tljem  in  worbs,  gou 

sljoulb  Ijaue  a  perfect  ©rrijarb  in  nature  anb 

substance,  begun  to  pour  ban's :   £lnb  pet  are  all 

tljese  tljings  notljing,  if  pu  want  tijat  skill  to 

bresse  anb  keepe  pour  trees.    Sucij  is  tlje  cottbi:= 

tion  of  all  eartljlg  tljings,  wljcrcbg  a  man  re= 

cciuetb  profit  or  pleasure,  tljat  tijeg  begenerate 

presently  luitljout  goob  orbering.    iMan  Ijimselfe 

left  to  ijimselfe,  grobjrs  from  ijis  Ijeaucnlg  anb  spu 

rituall  generation,  anb  becommctij  hcastlg,  gca  biuellisij  to  ijis  owne  kin\i, 

unlessc  Ije  be  regenerate.    No  maruell  ttjen,  if  tETrrcs  make  tijeir  sijoots, 

anb  put  tijeir  spraics  bisorbcrlg.    Hub  twig  (if  E  mere  wortljp  to  iubge) 

tijere  is  not  a  miscfjiefe  tljat  brrcbetlj  greater  anb  more  generall  ijarme  to 

all  tlje  ©rcijarb  (especially  if  tijeg  be  of  ang  continuance)  tljat  euer  $  sam 

($.  mill  not  except  three)  tijan  tije  want  of  tije  skilful  brcssing  of  trees,  it 

is  a  rommon  anb  bnskilfull  opinion,  anb  saging,  llet  all  grow,  anb  tijeg 

will  beare  more  fruit :  anb  if  pou  lop  awag  superfluous  bougijs,  tijeg  sag, 

wijat  a  pittie  is  tijis?  ?l}ow  man))  apples  womb  tljese  ijaue  borne?  not 

consibcring  tbcre  map  arise  hurt  to  gour  ©rcijarb,  as  wrll  (nag  ratljer)  bg 

abunbanrc,  as  bg  want  of  woob.    &  sounb  anb  tijriuing  plant  in  a  goob 

sogle,  will  euer  geclb  too  muclj  woob,  anb  bisorberlg,  hut  neuer  too  little. 

So  tljat  a  skilfuil  anb  painfull  &rborist,  neeb  neuer  want  matter  to  effect 

a  plcntifull  anb  well  brcst  ©rrbarb :  for  it  is  an  casie  matter  to  take  awag 

superfluous  bougijs  (if  gour  ©arbiter  ijaue  skill  to  know  them)  Whereof 

gour  plants  will  geclb  abunbance,  anb  skill  Will  leaue  sufficient  well 

orbercb.   Sill  ages  botij  hg  rules  anb  experience  boe  consent  to  a  pruinmg 

anb  lopping  of  trees:  get  ijaue  not  ang  tijat  $  know  besenbeb  bnto  bs 

(except 


Neccffitie 
of  dreffing 
trees. 


Generall 
Rule. 


Chap,  ii 


An  Orchard. 


Dressing,       2% 


dreft. 


•(ciccpt  m  tiarfer  anb  gcncrall  toorbs)  toijat  or  toijiri)  arc  tijosr  superfluous 
fiougfis,  tofitrfi  tocc  must  tafte  atoan,  anb  tijat  is  tije  cijiefc  anb  most 
nccbfull  point  to  fie  ft  no  tone  in  lopping.  &no  tore  man  Ml  assure  our 
sclucs,  (as  in  all  otfjee  arts,  so  in  tijis)  tijerc  is  a  bantage  ano  oei= 
teritn,  fit)  sfttll,  anb  an  ijafiit  fip  practise  out  of  experience,  in  tije 
performance  ijereof  for  tfic  profit  of  manfttnb ;  net  boc  $  not  ftnoto  (let 
me  spcafte  it  toitf)  tije  patience  of  our  running  glrfiorists)  ang  tl)ing 
toiti)tn  tije  compasse  of  ijumane  affaires  so  necessary  anb  so  little 
rrgaroeo,  not  oncln  in  (Drcijacbs,  out  also  in  all  ottjee  timber  trees,  toijrrc 
or  toijatsocucr. 

5&}oto  manp  jForcsts  anb  Moobs,  toijerein  nou  sijall  t)aue  for  one  Timber 
liucln  tfniutng  tree,  foure  (nan  sometimes  ttoentn  foure)  eutll  terming,  wood  euiii 
rotten  anb  typing  trees,  euen  toijile  tijrn  liue?  Hub  in  steab  of  trees  tijoiu 
sanbs  of  fiusljes  ano  sijrufifics.  TOfjat  rottenncsse?  toijat  tollotonesse? 
toijat  beat)  armes?  toitijereb  tops?  curtalleb  trunftrs?   toijat  loabs  of 
mosses?  Grouping  fiougtjes  ?  anb  typing  firanrijes  sijall  pou  see  cuern 
toijere?  Rnti  tijosc  tijat  lifte  in  tijis  sort  are  in  a  manner  all  unprofitable 
bougijes,  canftereb  armes,  croofteb,  little  anb  sijort  fioales  :  toijat  an  inn? 
nite  numfirr  of  fiusljes, sijrufis,  anb  sftrogs  of  ijajels,  tljornes,  anb  otljer  pro= 
Ktafile  tooob,  toijirij  migljt 
fie  firougijt  fij)  blessing  to 
fiecome  great  anb   goobln 
dees.    ("Tonsiber  noto  tlje 
cause:    iJTije   lesser  tooob 
ijatij    fieene    spoileb  toitfi 
carelesse,  unsftilfull,  anb 
bnttmcln     stotoing,     anb 
mucij    also    of    tije  great 
tooob.    Cfje  greater  Crces 
at  ti)e  first    rising   ijaue 
filleb      anb      oucr^loaben 
tijemselucs  toiti)  a  numfier 
of   toastfull    fiougijs   anb 
sucfters,   toijici)  ijaue  not 
oncln.  bratone    tije    sappe 
from  tije  fioale,  fiut  also 
ijaue  mabe  it  ftnottie,  anb 
tijemselucs  anb  tije  fioale 
mossie  for  toant  of  brcss= 
tng,    toijereas    if    in    tije 
prime  of  grototi)  tijeg  i)ab 
ficcne    taften  atoan  close, 
all  fiut  one  top  (accorbing 
to  tijis  patterne)  anb  cleane 
fit,)  tije  fiulfte,  tije  strengtij 
of  all  tije  5ap  sijoulb  ijaue 
gone  to  tije  fiulfte,  anb  so 
i)e  tooulb   ijaue  recoucreb 
anb  coucreb  ijts  ftnots,  anb 
ijaue  put  fortij  a  faire,  long 
anb  streigijt  fiobn  (as  nou 
see)  for  timficr  profitafile,  ijuge  great  of  fiulfte,  anb  of  infinite  last. 

If 


The  caufe 
of"  hurts  in 
wood. 


Drefle  tim- 
ber Trees 
how. 


Imagine  the  root  to  be  fpred  farre  wider. 


24       Dressing. 


An  Orchard. 


Chap. 


ii 


Profit  of 

trees 

drefled. 


The  end 
of  trees. 

Trees  will 
take  any 
tonne. 


The  end 

of  trees. 


How  to 

drefle  a 
truit  tree. 


if  all  timber  decs  lucre  surf)  (will  sonic  say)  fjolu  sijoulb  Inc  ijaue 
rrookrb  Inoob  for  bjijcclcs,  coorbs,  Src. 

Anfw.  Drcsse  all  you  ran,  anb  tijerc  mill  be  cnougij  crookcb  for  tfjosc 
bscs. 

/Bore  tfjan  tfjts,  in  most  places,  tfjcy  groin  so  tfjirkc,  tijat  neitijer 
tbrmsclucs,  nor  cartij,  nor  ant;  ttjing  bnbrr  or  nrrrc  tijrm  ran  tijriur,  nor 
sunnc,  nor  raine,  nor  aire  ran  boc  tijem,  nor  any  tijing  neere  or  bnbec 
tljem  any  profit  or  comfort. 

I  see  a  number  of  ?i>ags,  Infjcrc  out  of  one  root  you  sijall  sec  tijrre  or 
fourr,  (nan  more)  sucij  as  mens  bnskilfull  grccbincssc,  Inijo  oesiring 
many  J)aue  none  gooo)  pritty  ©akrs  or  Hstjes,  straight  anb  tall,  berausc 
tije  root  at  tfje  first  stjoot  giues  £ap  amaine:  but  tf  one  oncly  of  tijem 
migijt  be  suffrcb  to  groin,  ant)  tijat  Inrll  anb  cleanly  pruncb,  all  to  t)is 
bcry  top,  luijat  a  Crec  sijoulb  tore  ijaue  in  time?  iHno  Inee  see  by  ttjosc 
roots  continually  anb  plentifully  springing,  notlnitijstanbing  so  ocaoly 
Inounbcb,  Intjat  a  commodity  sijoulb  arise  to  tfje  olnner,  anb  tijc  common^ 
Incaltij,  tf  Inoob  lucre  cJjcrisjjcb,  anb  orderly  brrsscti. 

CTijc  Inaste  bougijs  closely  ant)  skilfully  taken  aluay,  Inoulb  giue  bs 
store  of  fences  anb  feujcll,  anb  tijc  bulke  of  tije  tree  m  tune  Inoulb  groin 
of  bugc  lengtfj  ano  bigncsse.  iiut  ijerc  (me  tijinks)  £  fjcare  an  bnsktlfull 
^rbortst  say,  tijat  trees  ijaue  tijeir  scucrall  formes,  rucn  b))  nature:  Cfje 
^Jeare,  tfje  ii?olly,  tlje  Hspe,  vVc.  groin  long  in  bulke  Initfj  feln  ant)  little 
amies.  &\)t  ©fee  b))  nature  broab,  ant)  sucij  like.  Hll  tbis  J  grant :  but 
grant  me  also,  tljat  tfjere  is  a  profitable  cnb,  anti  bse  of  euery  tree,  from 
Inijtcij  tf  it  oecline  (ti)o  by  nature)  yet  man  by  art  may  (nay  must)  correct 
it.  jSTouj  otijer  cno  of  <Trccs  £  ncuer  coulb  Icame,  tijan  gooti  timber,  fruit 
mucij  anti  gooti,  ano  pleasure,  ilscs  pijysteall  Ijtnoer  notijtng  a  gooo 
forme. 

Xrttfjcr  let  any  man  euer  so  mucf)  as  tijinkc,  tijat  it  is  Improbable, 
mucij  lesse  bnposstble,  to  reforme  any  tree  of  Inijat  ktnbe  socuer.  ,-jFoc 
(belteue  me)  £  ijaue  trieti  itt  £  can  bring  any  tree  (beginning  b))  time)  to 
any  forme.  Ctjc  ^Jearc  ano  i^olly  may  be  matjc  to  spreab,  anti  tfje  ©ke 
to  close. 

\Sut  Inijy  ooe  £  Inanoer  out  of  tijc  compasse  of  mine  ©rri)artj  into  tije 
,-Jforrcsts  anti  Inooos*?  Xcitijer  yet  am  £  from  my  purpose,  tf  boalcs  of 
timber  trees  stanb  in  necti  of  all  tijc  sap,  to  make  ttjem  great  ano  strrtgijt 
(for  strong  grolntij  ano  oressing  make  strong  trees)  tijen  it  must  ncetJS  be 
profitable  for  fruit  (a  ttjing  more  immebtatly  serutng  a  mans  necti)  to 
ijaue  all  tijc  sap  ijts  root  can  ycclt! :  for  as  timber  souno,  great  ano  long, 
is  the  good  of  timber  trees,  anti  tijcrcforc  tijey  bcarc  no  fruit  of  mortij :  so 
fruit,  gooo,  souno,  pleasant,  great  ant)  mucij,  is  tijc  cno  of  fruitfull  trees. 
3Ti)at  ©aroner  tijcrcforc  sijall  pcrforme  ijts  tiuty  skilfully  ano  faitijfully, 
bjijtcij  sijall  so  bresse  ijts  2Trces,  tijat  tijey  may  beare  sucij  anti  sucij  store 
of  fruit,  Inijictj  i)f  sijall  n^uer  tioe  (£  bare  bnbertakej  bnlcsse  ijc  keepc  tijis 
orbrc  in  brcsstng  t)is  iTrecs. 

.a  fruit  Cree  so  stantitng,  tijat  tijexe  necti  none  otfjcr  ntti  of  dressing 
but  fruit  (not  ornaments  for  Inalkes,  nor  beligbt  to  sucij  as  Inoulti  please 
tbetr  n)t  onely,  anti  yet  tije  best  forme  cannot  but  botij  aoorne  &  beltgijt) 
must  be  parteti  from  loitijin  tlno  foot  (or  tijereabouts)  of  tijc  eartij,  so  ijtgij 
to  gtue  liberty  to  brrssc  ijts  root,  ano  no  ijigijer,  for  ortnking  bp  tije  sap 
tijat  sijoulti  fceti  ijis  frutt,  for  tije  boale  bull  be  first,  anti  best  scruet)  anb 
feb,  because  i)e  is  neit  tije  root,  anb  of  greatest  Inaxe  anb  substance,  anb 

tijat 

JLibrary 


Chap.  ii.  An  Orchard.  Dressing.        25 

that  maftejs  i)im  longest  of  life,  into  tluo,  tfjrrc,  or  foure  armrs,  as  gout 
storkc  or  graffes  pcclo  tWigs,  ano  cuerp  armc  into  tluo  oc  more  branrljcs, 
ano  euccp  6  cane  J  into  ijis  scuecall  (fTpons,  still  spccatiing  fig  cciual 
bcgcccs,  so  tijat  Jj<s  loWest  spcap  be  ijacolp  Witijout  tlje  ccacij  of  a  mans 
ijanb,  ano  ijis  bigijest  be  not  past  tWo  pacos  Jjigijcc,  cacelp  (cspcciallp  in 
tije  mibbest)  tijat  no  one  twig  toucij  ijis  fclloW.  ILct  i)tm  spread  as  far  as 
ijc  list  Witijout  anp  mastcc^bougij,  or  top  equalln.  Rnti  Wijen  anp  bougij 
bottj  gcoW  sabbec  anb  fall  loWcc,  tijan  ijis  fclloWes  (as  tijep  Will  Witij 
Wcigtjt  of  fruit)  rase  tjim  tije  ntxt  spring  of  fjist  superfluous  twigs,  anb  ije 
Will  rise :  Wijen  anp  bougij  or  spcap  sijall  amount  abouc  tije  rest,  citijec 
snub  ijis  top  With,  a  nip  betwixt  pour  finger  anb  pour  tfjumb,  or  tottf)  a 
sijaepe  knife,  ant)  take  ijim  eleane  aWap,  anti  so  pou  map  use  anp  (Cpon 
pou  Woulb  reforme;  anb  as  pour  tree  sijall  grow  in  stature  anb  strength 
so  let  ijim  rise  Witij  ijis  tops,  but  sloWlp,  anb  caelp,  espeeiallp  in  tije  mfo= 
best,  anti  cciuallp,  anti  in  becabtfj  also,  anti  follow  ijim  bpWacb  witij  lop- 
ping  ijis  bnbce-gcoWtij  anti  Watcc:=bougijs,  keeping  tlje  same  oistanre  of 
two  paras,  tut  not  aboue  tijecc  in  anp  wise,  hctWiat  tlje  lowest  ano  ijigtjcst 
tWigs. 

1  GTijus  sijall  pou  ijaue  well  lifting,  rleane  sktnb,  ijcalthfull,  great,  ano  Benefits 
long=lasting  trees.  of  good 

2  Cijus  sijall  pour  GTree  grow  low,  ano  safe  from  Wintis,  for  ijis  top  drcffing- 
Will  bt  great,  hcoab  anti  Wetgijtp. 

3  Cljus  growing  beoab,  sijall  pour  trees  bcace  mueij  fruit  (E  tiare  sap) 
one  as  mueij  as  sixe  of  pour  eommon  trees,  anti  gooti  Witijout  sijaboWing, 
cropping,  antj  fretting:  for  ijis  bougijs,  heancijes,  ano  tWigs  sijall  bt 
manp,  anti  tijosc  are  tijep  (not  tije  boalc)  Wijieij  tieare  tije  fruit. 

4  {Fijus  sijall  pour  iioale  being  little  (not  small  hut  loW)  tip  reason  of 
ijis  sijortnesse,  take  little,  ano  peelo  mueij  sap  to  tije  fruit. 

5  2Tijus  pour  Crees  bp  reason  of  strengtij  in  time  of  setting  sijall  put 
fortij  more  blossomes,  ano  more  fruit,  bring  free  from  taints ;  for  strrngtij 
is  a  great  ijelpe  to  bring  fortij  mueij  ant)  safelp,  Wijereas  Weakncssc  failes 
in  setting  tijough  tije  season  be  ralme. 

6  djus  sijall  pour  tree  be  easie  to  oresse,  anti  Witijout  banger,  citfjer 
to  tije  tree  or  tije  b'ecssec. 

7  Cijus  map  pou  safelp  anti  easilp  gatijer  pour  fruit  witijout  falling, 
bruising  or  breaking  of  (Cpons. 

Some  use  to  bare  Crees  roots  in  Sffil inter,  to  stap  tlje  setting  till  ijotter 
seasons,  Wijieij  $  oiseommeno,  because 

1  iTijep  ijurt  tije  roots. 

2  It  staies  it  notijing  at  all. 

3  Cfjough  it  bio,  being  but  small,  Witi)  us  in  the  TSTortij,  tijep  ijaue  tijeir 
part  of  our  April  ano  Maiea  frosts. 

4  2i}inbcance  cannot  profit  Wcake  trees  in  tije  setting. 

5  Cijep  Waste  mueij  labouc. 

iTijts  is  tije  best  forme  of  a  fruit-tree,  Which  $  ijaue  ijcre  onlp  sijaboWcb 
out  for  tije  better  capacitp  of  tijem  tijat  are  leb  more  Witij  tije  cp'c,  tijan  tije 
mino,  ccauing  paction  foe  tije  befocmitp,  because  $  am  notijing  skiifull 
eitljcc  in  painting  oc  cacuing. 

Imagine  tijat  tije  papec  makes  but  one  sibe  of  tije  Ccce  to  appeace,  tije 
Wijole  count)  compassc  Will  gtuc  leaue  foe  manp  mocc  acmes,  bougijs, 
biancijes  ano  (Cpons. 

The 


26       Dressing. 


Time  beft 
for  proi- 
ning. 


Dreflb 

bctimc. 


Faults  of 
cuil  drclt 
trees,  &  the 
remedie. 

The  forme 
altered. 


Dreffing  of 
old  trees. 


An  Orchard. 

The  perfedl  forme  of  a  Fruit  tree. 


Chap,  ii 


M  ann  tijtnkc  a  tree  cannot  tocll  fie  fcrougtjt  to  tijis  formr :  Experto 
crede  Roberto.    $  ran  sijrw  titurrs  of  ttjem  unucr  ttorntn  nccrrs  of  age. 

STijc  fittest  time  of  tijc  itloonc  for  pronning  is  as  of  grafting,  luijrn  ti)e 
sap  is  rratin  to  stirrc  (not  proutiln  stirring)  anti  so  to  rourr  tijc  luounT), 
anli  of  tijc  nccrc,  a  monctij  firforc  (or  at  least  totjrn)  nou  graffr.  Drrssc 
Scares,  &pricoks,  $)cacijcs,  (Cijcrtrs,  ant  Rutins  sooner.  Unto  olti  trrrs 
lirforc  nong  plants,  nou  man  orrsse  at  anp  time  ucttout  lirafr  anti  Urafc. 
%xCa  note,  ttjat  toijerc  nou  tafee  ann  tijing  atoan,  tf)c  sap  tijc  next  summer 
will  be  putting:  oe  sure  therefore  toijen  ijc  puts  a  fiuto  in  ann  place  toijere 
nou  tooulli  not  ijauc  ijim,  rut)  it  off  untij  nour  finger. 

a  no  ijrere  nou  must  rememijer  tijc  common  tjomelp  ^roueroe:  Soone 
crookes  the  tree  that  good  Camrell  must  bee.  $5rginnc  Pctimc  toitij  trees, 
ant)  ooc  toijat  nou  list:  out  if  nou  let  tijem  groin  great  anto  stubfcocne, 
nou  must  tioe  as  tije  trees  list.  ^Ti)en  mill  not  ocntj  tut  ureake,  nor  ic 
Uiouno  toitfjout  danger.  91  small  uranrij  mill  Become  a  iougij,  ant)  a 
uougtj  an  arme  in  oignesse.  £Ti)cn  if  nou  cut  ijim,  ijis  toounti  mill  fester, 
anti  ijaroln,  toitfjout  gooo  skill,  recouec:  therefore,  obsta  principijs.  ©f 
sucij  luountis,  ana  lesser,  or  ann  foougij  cut  off  a  ijanofull  or  more  from 
tije  oocn,  comes  ijoUoumcssc,  anto  bntnncln  oeatij.  iHnti  tijerforc  toijen 
nou  cut,  strike  close,  ana  cleane,  anti  upmartis,  anti  leaue  no  uunrij. 

£Tijis  forme  in  some  cases  sometimes  man  oc  altered :  If  pour  tree,  or 
trees,  standi  nccre  nour  &&lalkcs,  tf  it  please  nour  fancie  more,  let  fjim 
not  treake,  till  ijis  toale  lie  aooue  nour  ijcaa :  so  mag  nmt  toalkc  unocr 
nour  trees  at  nour  pleasure.  <Dc  if  nou  set  nour  fruit  trees  for  nour  sijaPrs 
in  gout  i!3roues,  tijen  It  respect  not  tije  forme  of  tijc  tree,  uut  tijc  comeli= 
nesse  of  ttje  uialkc. 

Hll  tijis  ijitijcrto  spoken  of  Pressing,  must  fie  bnocrstooP  of  nong 
plants,  to  Pc  fonncO :  it  is  meet  somcujJjat  ue  saiP  for  tije  instruction  of 
tijem  tijat  ijaue  olo  trees  alreaon  formeP,  or  rattjer  oeformeti :  for  malum 
nou  vitatur  nisi  cognitum.  3Tijc  faults  tijerforc  of  a  OisorOcreO  tree,  £  untie 

to 


Chap.  ii.  An  Orchard.  Dressing.        27 

to  fie  fi'ue:   1.  Hn  bnproatafilr  Hale:  2.  &£latcrfiougtjs:  3.  ,-ffrettcrs:  Faults  are 
4.  *urfcers:  ano  5.  <Hnr  principall  top.  fiue,&their 

:H  long  fioalc  asUctlj  mucij  sccoing,  anti  tije  more  ije  ijatf)  tije  more  ije  remedies. 
besirrs,  anb  gets  (as  a  brunfcen  man  orinfcc,  or  a  couctous  man  lucaltft)  «■  Long 
anb  tt)c  lesse  remains  for  tije  fruit,  ije  puts  ijis  fiougijs  into  tije  aire,  antj  boalc- 
makes  tijem,  tfie  fruit,  anti  it  sclfc  more  bangcrcb  Urn!)  Ininbs:  for  tijis  £  No  reme- 
fcnoln  no  rcmrtip,  after  tljat  tije  tree  is  come  to  grolntij,  once  euill,  neuer  die. 
gooti. 

ftftiatcr^bougfis,  or  Imtirrgrolntij,  are  surij  fiougijs  as  groin  loin  bnoer  2-  w^er 
ottjrrs  anti  are  on  tijem  oucrgrolnnr,  oucrsijabolnrti,  broppcb  on,  anti  pinoc  b°ugi«. 
for  Inant  of  plcntn  of  sap,  anti  nn  tijat  meanes  in  time  tut :  jFor  tlje  sap 
prrssctfj  bplnarti ;  anti  it  is  like  Inatcr  in  ijrr  course,  Inijcre  it  finbctij  most 
issue,  tijitijer  it  flolnctij,  leauing  the  otficc  lesser  sluces  orn:  euen  as 
Inraltij  to  Incalttj,  anti  mucij  to  more.  flTijcsc  so  long  as  tijej)  ficare,  tljen 
ficare  lesse,  morse,  anti  frlncr  fruit,  anti  Inatcrtsf). 

Cije  rrmcon  is  easie,  if  tfjeg  fie  not  grolnnc  greater  tfian  nour  arme.  Remedy. 
?iop  tijem  close  &  cleane ;  vV  couer  tije  mitjtile  of  tije  Inouno,  tije  next  Sums 
mer  Inijcn  f)c  is  orn,  Inttij  a  salue  matie  of  talloln,  tar,  &  a  berg  little  pitrij, 
gootj  for  tije  couering  of  ang  sue!)  Inounti  of  a  great  tree:  bnlcssc  it  fie  Barke-piid, 
fiarkr^pilo,  anti  tijen  a  scar-rlotij  of  fresij  Gutter,  ?l)jonj>,  anti  aaiaxe,  and  the 
presentl),)  (Inijilc  tfie  Inouno  is  greene)  applncti,  is  a  soueraigne  remetij)  in  remedie. 
summer  cspccialln.    *ome  fiinti  sucij  boounos  Initij  a  tijumfie  rope  of  ?l}ag, 
moist,  anti  rufi  it  Initij  tiung. 

dFretters  are,  luijen  as  fin  tfjc  negligence  of  tfie  (Paronrr,  two  or  moe  3.  Fretters. 
parts  of  tfie  trre,  or  of  tiiuers  trees,  as  armes,  fiougijs,  firanrijes,  or  tlnigs, 
groin  so  nccre  anb  close  togctijer,  tljat  one  of  tijem  fig  rufifiing,  cotij  Inouno  Touching. 
anotijrr.    Cijis  fault  of  all  otijrc  sijrlucs  tije  Inant  of  sfctll,  or  rare  (at 
Irast)  in  tije  ilrfiorist:  for  ijerc  tije  ijurt  is  apparant,  anti  tije  rcmcot)  Remedy. 
easie,  scene  to  fietime :  galls  anti  luounos  incurable,  fiut  fig  taking  alnaj> 
tijose  memfiers :  for  let  tijem  groin,  ano  tijrn  Intll  fie  Inorse  ano  Inorse,  anti 
so  kill  tijemselucs  Initij  ciuill  strife  for  roomtij,  antj  banger  tije  Inijole 
tree,    &uotti  tijem  fictnne  tijercfore,  as  a  rommon-lnealtij  botij  fiosome 
enemies. 

H  pucker  is  a  long,  proutj,  anti  oisortirrln  (Cpon,  groining  strcigijt  bp  4.  Suckers, 
(for  prior  of  sap  makes  prouo,  long  &  strcigijt  grolntij)  out  of  anj?  lolncr 
parts  of  tije  tree,  recciuing  a  great  part  of  tije  sap,  ano  fiearing  no  fruit, 
till  it  ijaue  tjuannurb  oner  tije  Inijole  tree:  Cijese  are  like  tole  ano  great 
Drones  amongst  iSccs ;  ano  proutj  ano  iole  memfiers  in  a  common=lncaltij. 

tETijc  remetin  of  tijis  is,  as  of  Inater^fiougijs,  bnlrssc  ije  fie  grolnne  Remedy. 
greater,  tijrn  all  tije  rest  of  tije  fiougijs,  ano  tijen  pour  tfiarbnrc  (at  pour 
bisrrrtion)  man  leaue  ijim  for  fits  fioale,  anb  take  alnan  all,  or  tije  most 
of  tfic  rest.    H  ije  fie  Itttle,  slip  ijtm,  anb  set  Ijim,  perhaps  ijc  Inill  take: 
nig  fairest  Hpple^tree  Inas  surij  a  ^lip. 

(Due  or  tbjo  prinripall  top  fiougijs  are  as  euill,  in  a  manner,  as  tuckers,  5.  One 
tijrn  rise  of  tije  same  cause,  ano  receiue  tije  same  remcon :  net  tijese  are  principall 
more  tolerafilc,  fiecause  tijese  beare  fruit,  nea  tije  ficst:  fiut  puckers  of  toP  or 
long  ooe  not  fieare.  bough. and 

{  knoln  not  fioln  nour  tree  sfioulb  fie  faults,  if  nou  rrformc  all  nour  remed7- 
bices  time  I  g,  anb  orocrl),).    ,3s  tijese  rules  serue  for  oressutg  pong  trees 
ano  sets  m  tije  first  planting :  so  man.  tijeij  Inell  scrue  to  ijelpe  olb  trees, 
tljougij  not  eiactlg  to  rrrouer  tijem. 

^"Ije  Instruments  fittest  for  all  tijese  purposes,  are  most  rommonln, 

dfor 


2  8        F ogling. 


An  Orchard. 


Chap.  12. 


Instru- 
ments for 
dreffing. 


Neceffity 
of  foiling. 


Trees  great 
fuckers. 


Great  bo- 
dies. 


jFoc  ti)c  great  Crrcs  an  banbsome,  long,  ligijt  ?la"dtirc  of  ,-jFirpoles,  a 

little,  nimble,  anb  strong  armeb  5ato,  anb  sijarpc.    Jfor  lesse  Crccs,  a 

little  anb  sijarpc  lijatrijct,  a  broab  moutijeb  OTbcscll,  strong  anb  sijarpc, 

ujttf)  an  ijanbbcetlc,  pour  strong  anb  sijarpc  (Clccttcr,  toittj  a  knock,  anti 

(toijtci)  is  a  most  ncccssarp  instrument  amongst  little  Crccs)  a  great 

baftcb  anb  sfjarpc  fcnifc  or  Mijtttlc.    anti  as  neebful 

is  a  £toole  on  tije  top  of  a  llabbcr  of  cigijt  or  moc 

rounbs,  luitf)  tluo  barftc  fret,  toijerron  gou  man  safely 

anti  cascfullp  stanb  to  graffr,  to  brcsse,  anti  to  gatfjee 

fruit,  tijus  formrti :  Ctjc  frrt  map  oc  fast  rncbgcb  in:  out 

tije  iLabbcc  must  ijang  loose,  luitij  tluo  banbs  of  iron. 

anti  tijus  murij  of  dressing  trees  for  fruit,  focmallp  to 

profit. 

CHAP.  XII. 

Of  Foyling. 

#}ere  is  one  tijing  pet  ben?  ncccssarp  for  to  matte 
nour  (Drcijarb  botij  tetter,  anti  more  lasting: 
$>ea,  so  ncccssarp,  tfjat  toitbout  it  pour  ©refjarti 
rannot  last,  nor  prosper  long,  roijicjj  is  negleetetJ 
generally  botij  in  preeepts  anti  in  praetise,  viz. 
manuring  toitb  jFoplc:  tobcrcbp  it  tjapnetf)  tijat 
toijen  trees  (amongst  otijer  cutis)  tbrougb  toant  of 
fatnrsse  to  feetie  tijem,  become  mossie,  anti  in  ttjeir 
grototij  are  euill  (or  not)  tijriuing,  it  is  citijee 
attributed  to  some  wrong  cause,  as  age,  (tofjen  inbeeb  tijep  are  but  pong) 
or  euill  standing  (stanti  ti)ep  neuer  so  bell)  or  suet)  lifer,  or  else  tije  eause 
is  attogctfjer  bnfcnotone,  anti  so  not  amentieti. 

(tfan  tijere  be  tieuiseti  anp  toap  bp  nature,  or  art,  sooner  or  sountilier 
to  seefee  out,  anti  tafee  atoap  tije  bcart'anti  strcngtij  of  cartij,  tijan  bp 
great  trees  ?  £uci)  great  bobics  cannot  be  sustained  toitijout  great  store 
of  sap.  ratjat  liuing  botip  ijauc  pott  greater  tijan  of  trees?  QI\)c  great 
icca^monstcrs  (roijerrof  one  came  a  lanti  at  Teesmouth  in  $ocfccsi)irc,  ijartj 
bp  bs,  1 8.  partis  in  lengtij,  anti  neere  as  muct)  in  compasse)  seeme  ijibcous, 
ijuge,  strange,  anti  monstrous,  because  tijep  be  intieeti  great :  but  espe= 
ciallp,  because  tijep  are  seltiome  scene :  itfut  a  tree  liking,  come  to  bis 
grototij  anb  age,  ttoirc  tijat  lengti),  anti  of  a  bulfce  neuer  so  great,  besibes 
Jjts  otijer  parts,  is  not  atnnircti,  because  Jjc  is  so  commonlp  scene,  anti 
$  tioubt  not,  but  tf  be  lucre  tocll  rcgarbeti  from  bis  kirncll,  bp  succcebing 
ages,  to  bis  full  strrngtb,  tije  most  of  tijem  ujoulb  bouble  tbeir  measure, 
about  frftp  pecrcs  agoe  1  f)catti  bp  crebible  anb  constant  report,  Cijat  in 
Brooham  |)arkc  in  2i4jllcst-more?lanti,  neere  bnto  Penrith,  tbere  lap  a 
blotone  (Dafcc,  tuijosc  Crunfce  luas  so  bigge,  tfjat  turn  Norsemen  being  tbe 
one  on  tbe  one  sfbe,  anb  tije  otijer  on  tije  otijer  sibe,  tbep  coulb  not  one 
see  another :  to  lobicij  if  pou  abtie  ijis  armes,  bottgijs,  anti  roots,  anb  con= 
sttier  of  tjis  bignesse,  toijat  tooulti  be  ijaue  beene,  if  preserucb  to  tije  ban= 
tage?  also  £  reab  in  tbe  #}tstorp  of  tije  <£2ilrst=$nbtans,  out  of  Peter 
Martyr,  3Tijat  sixtccnc  men  taking  ijanbs  one  Uutij  anotijer,  lucre  not  able 
to  fatljomc  one  of  tbose  trees  about.  Koto  Nature  ijautng  giuen  to  surij 
a  faculty  bp  large  anti  infinite  roots,  talncs  anb  tangles,  to  brain  immebi= 
atlp  ijts  sustenance  from  our  common  motijer  tije  ISartlj  (loijicij  is  ItUe  \n 

tijts 


Chap.  ii.  An  Orchard,  Dressing.       29 

tins  point  to  all  otter  motters  tijat  bcare)  tjatt)  also  orbatnc"0  tijat  tije 
<ITrcc  oucr^labcn  toitt  fruit,  anti  toanting  sap  to  fccb  all  jESfjr  fjatf)  brougijt 
fortt,  toill  toainc  all  si)c  cannot  feeb,  like  a  tooman  bringing  fortij  moc 
ctilbrcn  at  once  tijan  sije  ijatfj  teats.  See  gou  not  ijoto  2Trccs  cspcciallg, 
bg  feinti  being  great,  standing  so  ttickc  anb  close,  tijat  ttjeg  cannot  get 
plentj)  of  sap,  pine  atoag  all  tije  grasse,  tocebs,  lesser  struts,  anb  trees, 
gea  anti  tbcmsclucs  also  for  toant  of  bigor  of  sap?  So  tijat  trees  grotoing 
large,  sucking  tije  sonic  totcrcon  ttcg  stanb,  continually,  anb  amaine, 
anb  tije  fog?on  of  tije  eartij  ttat  feebs  ttcm  becaging  (for  totat  is  ttcre 
tijat  Pastes  continually,  tijat  sijall  not  taue  enb?)  must  eittjer  taue  sup= 
pig  of  sucken,  or  else  leaue  djriuing  anti  grotoing.  Some  grounds  totll 
bcare  (Jlorne  totile  tteg  te  ncto,  ano  no  longer,  because  ttjtir  crust  is 
stalloto,  ano  not  berg  goob,  anb  Iging  ijiglj  tijej?  scinb  ano  toast,  ano 
become  barren.  Cijc  orbtnarg  (JTorne  soiles  conttnue  not  fertill,  toitijout 
following  ant>  fogltng,  anb  tije  best  requires  supplg,  euen  for  tfjc  little 
bobg  of  (Eornc.  ?tK>to  tijen  can  toe  tijinkc  tijat  ang  grouno  (toto  goob 
socuer)  can  sustaine  bodies  of  suet  grcatnessc,  anb  suet  great  feeding, 
toittout  great  plcntg  of  Sap  arising  from  goob  eartt  ?  &tis  is  one  of  tije 
ctiefe  causes,  tots  so  mang  of  our  (Drcfjarbs  in  i£nglano  are  so  euill 
ttriuing  toten  ttcg  come  to  grototij,  anb  our  fruit  so  bao.  fften  are  lott 
to  bestoto  muct  grounb,  anb  desire  mueJj  fruit,  ano  toill  ncitljer  set  tteir 
trees  in  sufficient  compasse,  nor  pet  feco  tijem  toitij  manure.  GTttrefore 
of  necessity  ©rdjarbs  must  be  foiled. 

&ije  fittest  time  is,  toijen  gour  Crees  are  grotone  great,  anti  taue  neere  Time  fit 
ijanb  spreao  gour  eartt,  toanting  neto  eartt  to  sustaine  tijem,  totict  if  forfoyiing. 
tijeg  00,  ttcg  toill  secke  abroao  for  better  eartt,  ano  sijun  tijat  toijicij  is 
barren,  (if  tteg  fino  better)  as  cattell  euill  pasturing.    Jfor  nature  ijatfj 
taugtt  euerg  creature  to  desire  ano  secke  ijis  otonc  goob,  anti  to  auoto 
ijurt.    Cije  best  time  of  tije  gcerc  is  at  tte  dFallt  tijat  tte  dT rost  mag  bite 
ano  make  it  tenber,  anti  tte  Kaine  toast  it  into  tte  roots.   Cte  Summer 
time  is  perillous  if  fie  big,  because  tije  sap  stirs  amaine.    Eije  best  kinbe  j^j  of 
of  Jfoile  is  suet  as  is  fat,  tot,  ano  tenoer.    £?our  eartt  must  be  but  Joyie> 
ligijtlfi  openeb,  tijat  tte  bung  mag  goe  in,  anti  toasij  atoag ;  anb  but  stab 
loto,  lest  fiou  ijurt  tije  roots :  &  in  tte  spring,  rlosclg  ano  eciuallg  maoe 
plaine  againe  for  feare  of  Suckers.    $  roulb  toist,  tijat  after  ing  Crees 
ijaue  fullfi  possessed  tije  soile  of  mine  ©rdjarti,  ttat  euerfi  scuen  geercs 
at  least,  tte  soile  toere  bespreao  toitij  oung  talfe  a  foot  ttjicke  at  least. 
Rubble  toater  out  of  tije  bungljill  potoreb  on  plcntifullg,  toill  not  onelg 
moisten  but  fatten  espcciallg  tn  §mu  anb  3Julg.     If  it  be  tijicke  anb  fat 
anb  applieb  euerg  geere,  gour  (Drctarb  stall  nceti  none  otijer  foiling. 
Your  grounb  mag  Ige  so  loto  at  tije  iviuec  sibc,  tijat  tte  floub  stanbing 
some  baies  anb  ntgtts  tijercon,  stall  saue  gou  all  ttis  labour  of  foiling. 

CHAP.    XIII, 

Of  Annoyances. 

OTtiefe  i)clvc  to  make  euerg  tting  goob,  is  to  auoib  tije  euils 
tijeieof:  ¥ou  stall  neuer  attame  to  tijat  goob  of  gout 
©retard  gou  looke  for,  bnlesse  gou  ijaue  a  (Parbner,  tijat 
can  "biscernc  tije  biseases  of  gour  trees,  anb  otijer  annoi= 
anccs  of  gour  CHdjarb,  anb  finb  out  tije  causes  tijereof, 
anb  knoto'anb  applg  fit  remebtes  for  tije  same,    jfor  be 

gour 


lO        Annoyances. 


An  Orchard. 


Two  kinds 
of  euils 
in  an 
Orchard. 


Gals. 

Canker. 

Mofle. 


Weakneflc 
in  fctting. 

Barke- 

bound. 


Worme. 


Remedy. 


Chap.  13. 

gout  grounb,  site,  plants,  anb  trees  as  pou  rnoulb  vnisi),  if  tijep  be  toastcti 
Untij  tjurtt'ull  tijings,  uiijat  ijaue  pou  gained  but  pour  labour  for  ponr 
traucll  ?  £t  is  Umij  an  (Drrijarb  anb  rucrp  tree,  as  ami)  mans  bobp. 
<Tijc  best  part  of  pijpsirke  for  prrsrruatton  of  ijcaltij,  is  to  forrscc  ano 
cure  btscascs. 

Sill  ti)t  diseases  of  an  (Drrijarfc  arc  of  turn  sorts,  ritfjer  tntcrnall  or 
ntcrnall.  £  call  tijosc  intoarb  ijurts  toijirij  brrcb  on  anb  in  particular 
trees. 


1  (Dais 

2  (Canker. 

3  ittosse. 

4  £fltcakncs  in  setting. 


5  liarkc  bounb. 

6  13arke  pilb. 

7  Morme. 
JDrafclp  mounts. 


Bark-pildc 


(Pals,  (Canker,  ittosse,  tocaknesse,  ttjougij  tijep  be  biuers  diseases: 
net  (ijotosocucr  autijors  tijinkc  otijcrUnsc)  tijep  rise  all  out  of  tije  same 
cause. 

(Sals  toe  ijaue  fccscribcb  rmtij  tfjrtr  cause  ano  rcmciip,  in  tije  h.  (Cijapter 
bnber  tije  name  of  fretters. 

(Canker  is  tije  consumption  of  anp  part  of  tije  tree,  barkc  anb  luoob, 
mijicij  also  in  tt)c  same  place  is  tircipijereb  bnber  tije  title  of  bjatcr=bo'ugi)S. 

ittosse  is  sensibly  scene  anb  knoumc  of  all,  tije  cause  is  pointed  out 
in  tije  same  (Cijap.  in  tije  biscoursc  of  tTtmbcr=ujoob,  ano  partly  also  tije 
remebp :  13ut  for  ittossc  abtic  tljis,  tHijat  at  an}}  time  in  summer  (tije 
Spring  is  bcstfujtjcn  tije  cause  is  rcmoueo,  bjitij  an  i^aireclotl),  immebii 
atlp  after  a  sijotore  of  raine,  rub  off  pour  i-tlossc,  or  tout)  a  peece  of  tuoob 
(if  tije  itlossc  abound)  formeb  like  a  great  kntfe. 

(LiLtcakncssc  in  tije  setting  of  pour  fruit  sijall  pou  finti  tljerc  also  in 
tije  same  (Cijapter,  anb  ijis  rcmctip.  2.U  tijese  flora  from  tije  uiant  of 
roomtij  in  goob  soile,  rurong  planting,  (Cijap.  7.  anb  cuill  or  no  blessing. 

i3arke=bounb  (as  £  tijinkc)  risetij  of  tije  same  cause,  anb  tije  best,  anb 
present  remebp  (tije  causes  being  taken  atoap)  is  Umij  pour  sijarpe  knife 
in  tije  Spring,  lcngtij=ujap  to  lancij  ijis  barkc  tijrougijout,  on  tijree  or 
foure  stbes  of  ijis  boale. 

iJTijc  oiscase  callcb  tije  £&iormc  is  tijus  fiisccrnb :  2Ti)e  barkc  toil  be 
ijoalb  m  biuers  places  like  gal,  tt)c  tooob  toil  btc  &  brp,  anb  pou  sijall  sec 
rasilp  tije  barkc  stocll.  it  is  bcrilp  to  be  tijougijt,  tijat  tijrrtn  is  breb 
some  bjormc.  £  ijaue  not  pet  tijorotolp  sougijt  it  out,  because  £  toas  neucr 
troubleb  tijrrtoitijal :  but  only  ijaue  scene  sucij  trees  in  biuers  places.  £ 
tijmke  it  a  toormc  ratijer,  because  £  see  ti)ts  bisease  in  trees,  bringing 
fruit  of  stocet  taste,  &  tije  stoclltng  sijetocs  as  mucij.  f  i)e  remebp  (as  £ 
coniecture)  is  so  soone  as  pou  pcrcciue  tije  mount),  ti)c  neat  spring  cut  it 
out  bark  anb  all,  &  applp  (Cotocs  pisse  \~  bmegar  prescntlp,  anb  so 
ttoisc  or  tijnee  a  tocckc  for  a  ittonrtijs  space:  jFor  £  well  pcrceiue,  if  pou 
suffer  it  anp  time,  it  eats  tije  tree  or  bougij  rounb,  anb  so  kils. 

icincc  £  first  wrote  tijis  Crcatisc,  £  ijaue  ctjangcb  mp  mint  concerning 
tijr  bisease  callcb  tije  toormc,  because  £  reab  in  tije  ?l?istorp  of  tije  West- 
Indians,  tijat  tijetr  trees  are  not  troubled  toitij  tije  disease  callcb  tije 
toorme  or  canker,  toijtcij  arisctij  of  a  rato  anb  cuill  concoctcb  ijumor  or 
sap,  Untncsse  Pliny,  bp  reason  tijeir  (Countrp  is  more  ijot  tijen  ours, 
iLiljereof  £  tijinkc  tije  best  remebp  is  (not  bisalloloing  tije  former,  ronsibcr= 
mg  tijat  tije  ruorme  map  brreb  bp  sucij  an  ijumor)  marine  stanbing,  sounb 
lopping,  anb  goob  blessing. 

13ark=pitb  pou  sijall  fmb  toitij  ijis  remetip  in  tije  ".  (CJjaptcr. 

Deablp 


Chap.  17.  An  Orchard.  Annoyance's,        ^i 

DcaolP  wountis  arc  U)i)cn  a  mans  .arborist  wanting  sfttll,  ruts  off  Wounds, 
armrs,  bougijs  or  branches  an  tnrlj,  or  (as  £  sec  sometimes)  an  bantifull, 
or  ijalfr  a  toot  or  more  from  tijc  botu;.  flTijcse  so  rut  rannot  rourr  m  anp 
time  linti)  sap,  anti  therefore  tijej)  tiic,  anti  tining  tijrn  pens!)  tijc  tjrart, 
anti  so  tijc  tire  becomes  ijollow,  anti  witij  surlj  a  ticaoln  wounti  cannot 
l;uc  long. 

Cijc  rcmctii)  is,  if  jjou  finti  ijim  before  ije  fie  pcrisijrti,  cut  fjtm  close,  as  Remedy. 
in  tijc  u.  (Cfjaptcc :  if  ije  be  ijoalti,  cut  ijim  close,  nil  tjis  mount),  tijo  neuer 
so  ticcpe,  witij  morter  well  tempered,  anti  so  close  at  tijc  top  tjis  wounti 
witij  a  ^eare=rcloti)  tioublco  anti  nailcti  on,  tijat  no  aire  nor  raine  approarij 
ijis  mounti.  If  ije  be  not  berj?  olti,  anti  detaining,  ije  will  rrcouer,  anti  tije 
tjole  icing  rloseti,  tjis  wounti  witijin  sijall  not  tjurt  ijim  for  main,)  jjecrcs. 

^urts  on  gout  trees  arc  rijirfclp.  Hnts,  (Parcwigs,  anti  uTaterptllars.  Hurts  on 
(Df  .Huts  anti  lEarrwigs  is  saiti  Chap.  10.    Het  tijerc  be  no  swacme  of  trees. 
pismires  necre  pour  dee  root,  no  not  in  gout  (Drrtjarti,  turne  tijem  ouer  Ants,  Ear- 
in  a  frost,  anti  poure  in  water,  anti  pit  kill  tijem.  wigs- 

jfor  (JTaterpillars,  tijc  bigtlant  jf  rutcrcr  sijall  soonc  espj)  tfjeir  lotiging  Caterpil- 
og  tijeir  <L&tcb,  or  ti)c  ocean,  of  leaues  eaten  rounti  about  tijem.    &no  lars,  and 
being  scene,  tijen  arc  easily  Sestrojjco  wttfj  gour  ijano,  or  ratijer  (if  gour  Mich  like 
tree  mag  spare  ft)  take  sprig  anti  all  (for  tijc  reti  pccklco  buttcr=flnc  tiotij  wormes. 
cucr  put  tijem,  being  ijec  sparm,  among  tijc  tcntier  spraics  for  tetter 
fectiing,  cspcctallj,)  in  tirougljt)  anti  treat)  tijem  bnocc  nour  feet.    $  like 
nothing  of  smoke  among  mg  trees.    Onnaturall  Ijeats  are  notijing  gooti 
for  natural  trees.    STijis  for  diseases  of  particular  trees. 

lEitetnall  ijurts  arc  ritfjer  tijings  naturall  or  artificiall.    Xaturall  Externa! 
tijings,  crternalli)  ijurting  (Drrijaros.  euiis. 

i  13casts. 


i  £)ccre.              2  J5iros. 

1  ^ulfincij. 

2  <Poatcs. 

2  Cijrustj. 

3  31jeepc. 

3  iSlarkbiro. 

4  ?i}are. 

4  (Crow. 

5  (Honj). 

5  ^gr. 

6  ^attell. 

7  ?i}orsc. 

&c. 

other  things  are, 

1  frSltnos. 

2  UTolt). 

3  Crccs. 

4  racctis. 

5  aCrlormcs. 

6  ittowles. 

7  dfiltij. 

8  Vonsonfull  smoke. 

Externall  wilful!  euils  are  thefe: 

1  stalls. 

2  Crcncijcs. 

3  (Dtfjcr  works  nonsomc  tionc  in  or  ncerc  gour  (Drrtjaro. 

4  iSutll  Keigijbours. 

5  21  rarelcssc  fttastcc. 

6  .Hn  bntiiscreet,  negligent,  or  no  deeper. 

See  gou  not  tcre  an  wtjole  Htmg  of  misrijicfes  banticti  in  troupes 
against  tijc  most  fruitfull  trees  tijc  cartij  ficarcs"?  assailing  pour  gooti 
labours.    iGiooti  ttjings  fjauc  most  enemies. 

a  sktlfull 


32 

Remedy. 
Deere,  &c. 

Birds. 
Remedy. 


Other 
trees. 


Annoyances. 


An  Orchard, 


Chap.  13 


Winds. 

Frosts. 

Weeds. 


Remedy. 


Wormes. 
Moles. 

Remedy. 


;H  sktlfull  .-/Frurtcrrc  must  put  to  fjis  ijclping  Jjand,  and  otsband  ant) 
put  tfjcm  to  fligljt. 

,-fFor  tije  first  ranfce  of  beasts,  besides  your  out-strong  fence,  you  must 
Ijaue  a  fatrc  and  stoift  <Prryt)ounti,  a  ~tonc=bobj,  (Pun  and  if  nccdc 
require,  an  Hpplc  lotto,  an  fjookc  for  a  Deere,  ant)  an  =tt?are=pipe  for  an 
HJare. 

l?our  (Cfjcrirs  ano  otijrr  i5rrrirs  loben  tbcy  or  ripe,  bill  dralo  all  tf)r 
13lack=birds,  &f>rusf)es  anti  ittalo=pics  to  pour  (Drrljaro.  Cije  ISuUfincij 
is  a  dcuourrr  of  pour  dFruit  in  tije  J3ud,  £  ijaur  bad  coijolc  trees  sljald  out 
loitb  tijem  in  2123 inter- time. 

Tije  test  remedy  tjere  is  a  ictonc^bolo,  a  Viccc,  especially  if  pou  tyaut 
a  jHusfeet  or  jrpar-ijaloke  tn  dinner  to  mafee  ttje  i3lark=biet)  stoop  into 
a  bust)  or  ijedgc. 

3Ti)c  Partner  must  rleanse  ijis  soile  of  all  otfjcr  Trees :  but  fruit  trees 
aforesaid  (Cbaptcr  2.  for  loijici)  it  is  ordainrd,  ano  £  loould  rspeetally 
name  (Dakcs,  12lmes,  iHsfjcs,  ano  surf)  otber  great  wood,  but  tijat  £  doubt 
it  sboulo  be  iakrn  as  an  admission  of  lesser  trees :  for  £  atnnit  of  nottjmg 
to  grolo  m  mine  (Drrijard  but  dFruit  ano  jflolocrs.  if  ~ap  ran  ijaroly 
be  goob  to  frede  our  jFrutt=trccs,  loijy  sijould  bjee  allolo  of  any  otijer, 
esperially  tijosc,  tijat  loill  beeomc  tfjeic  Rasters,  and  lorong  tljem  in  ttjetc 
liurltijood? 

:Hnd  altijougij  loe  admit  lottijout  tije  fence,  of  Malnuts  in  most  plainc 
places,  Trees  middle-most,  and  Hsijcs  or  ©fees,  or  IBlmes  btmost,  set  in 
comely  rotors  equally  distant  bjttij  faire  .Hlltrs  tloiat  rolo  ant)  roro  to  auortu 
tije  boisterous  blasts  of  loinds,  and  lottijin  tijem  also  otijers  for  13ees : 
yet  toe  admit  none  of  tijis  into  your  ©rrtjard-plat:  otijer  remeoy  tijen  tijts 
ijaue  toe  none  against  ttje  nipping  frosts. 

bleeds  in  a  fertile  soile  (because  tije  general!  rurse  is  so)  till  your 
Trees  grouj  great,  loill  be  noysome,  and  beforme  your  allies,  loalkrs, 
betis,  and  squares,  your  bndrr  Gardners  must  labour  to  krepe  all  cleanly 
ano  ijantisomc  from  tijem,  ant)  all  otber  filtij  lottij  a  irpade,  loceding^ 
kntucs,  rake  coitij  iron  tcetij :  a  sfccapplc  of  iron  ttjus  formed, 


Jfor  Settles  ant)  ground-;iuy  after  a  sijolorc. 

tLiHijcn  locctis,  strain,  stirpes,  and  all  otijer  scrapings  are  gatfjereb 
togrtijer,  burne  item  not,  but  bury  tijem  bnder  your  rrust  in  any  place  of 
your  ©rrijartj,  and  tijey  toill  dye  ant)  fatten  your  ground. 

<L2.1ormcs  and  jtfoalcs  open  tije  eartij,  and  let  tn  aire  to  tije  roots  of 
your  Trees,  ano  drforme  your  squares  vV  loalkes,  &  feeding  in  ttje  earttj, 
being  in  number  infinite,  drab)  on  barrennes. 

<LiLiorms  may  easily  be  destroyed,  any  summer  euening  bjfjen  it  is 
tiarke,  after  a  s^olore  roitb  a  (Candle,  pou  may  fill  busijels,  but  you  must 
tread  nimbly.  SlntJ  Voijere  you  cannot  come  to  catcf)  tijem  so ;  sift  tt)e 
cartfj  bjiti)  coale  astjes  an  incl)  or  turn  tijicknes,  ano  tijat  is  a  plague  to 
tijem  ;  so  is  sijarpe  grauell. 

ittolrs  loill  anger  you,  if  your  (Gardner  or  some  skilfull  iBole-catcfjer 
ease  you  not,  especially  ijauing  made  tljeir  fortresses  among  tije  roots  of 
your  trees :  you  must  loatctj  1)er  roell  loiti)  a  ittole=speare,  at  mornr, 
noone,  and  nigfjt,  uiljen  you  sec  1jer  btmost  i)ill,  rast  a  Trenclj  betbjtat 
t)cr  and  ijer  tjome  (for  sije  tjaty.  a  principall  mansion  to  tiloell  and  breed 

tn 


Chap.  14..  An  Orchard.  Age  of  Trees.        33 

in  about  April,  tofjirfj  gou  mag  tusrcrne  bg  a  prtnripall  $tU,  tofjcrcin  gou 
map  ratrti  ijcr,  if  gou  trrncfj  it  rounb  anb  sure,  anb  toatrfj  tocll)  or  tofjcrc= 
soeuec  gou  ran  biscerne  a  single  passage  (for  surf)  sfje  fjatfj)  tfjere  trencfj, 
anb  toatcfj,  anb  fjaue  fjer. 

SSfttlfulI  anoganccs  must  fir  preuentcb  $z  auoibeb  bg  tfje  louc  of  tfje  Wiifuii  an- 
/tflastrr  anb  Jf  rutcrcr,  tofjirfj  tfjeg  bcare  to  tfjeir  ©rrfjarb.  noyanccs. 

justice  ant)  libcralitg  toill  put  atoag  euill  neighbours  or  euill  nctgfj=  Remedy.  • 
bourfjoob.    ant)  tfjen  (it  (Soli  blessc  ant)  giue  succcsse  to  gour  labours) 
i  see  not  tofjat  fjurt  gour  ©rrfjarb  ran  sustatne. 

CHAP.    XIIII. 

Of  the  Age  of  Trees. 

C  is  to  be  ronstbereb :  ail  tfjis  Creatise  of  trees 
tenbs  to  tfjis  ent),  tfjat  men  map  loue  &  plant 
©rrfjarbs,  tofjercunto  tfjere  cannot  be  a  better 
inourement  tfjen  tfjat  tfjeg  knoto  (or  at  least  be 
pcrstoabeb)  tfjat  all  tfjat  benefit  tfjeg  sfjall  reape 
tfjcrebg,  toijetfjer  of  pleasure  or  profit,  sfjall  not  be 
for  a  bap  or  a  monetfj,  or  one,  or  mang  (but  mang 
fjunbrctfj)  geeres.  Of  goob  tijings  tfje  greatest, 
anb  most  Durable  is  alltoatcs  tfje  best,  if  tfjere= 
fore  out  of  reason  grounbeb  bpou  experience,  it  be  mabe  (I  tfjinke)  mani- 
fest, but  $  am  sure  probable,  tijat  a  jFruit-tree  in  suefj  a  soile  anb  site, 
as  is  beseribeb,  so  planteb  anb  trimmeb  $c  kept,  as  is  afore  appointeb 
anb  bulp  soileb,  sfjall  bure  1000.  geeres,  tola  sfjoulb  toe  not  take  paines,  The  age  of 
anb  be  at  ttoo  or  ttjree  geeres  efjarges  (for  bnber  seuen  geeres  toill  an  trees. 
(Drrfjarb  be  perferteb  for  tfje  first  planting,  anb  in  tijat  time  be  brougfjt 
to  fruit)  to  reape  suefj  a  eommobitg,  anb  so  long  lasting? 

ILet  no  man  tfjinke  tfjis  to  be  strange,  but  peruse  anb  constber  tfje  rea^  Gathered 
son.    $  fjaue  &pple=trces  stanbtng  in  mg  little  (DrrfjarO,  tofjirfj  i  tjaue  by  reason 
knotone  tfjese  fortg  geeres,  tofjose  age  before  mg  time  $  rannot  learne,  it  out  of  ex- 
is  begonb  memorg,  tt)o  It  fjaue  eniiuirrb  of  biuers  ageb  men  of  80.  geeres  perience. 
anb  bptoarbs :  tfjese  trees  altfjougfj  rome  into  mg  possession  berg  euill 
orbereb,  mtsfjapen,  anb  one  of  tfjem  toounbeb  to  fjis  fjeart,  anb  tfjat  beablg 
(for  $  knoto  tt  toill  be  fjis  beatfj)  toitfj  a  toounb,  tofjerein  $  migfjt  fjaue  put 
mg  foot  in  tfje  fjeart  of  fjis  bulke  (noto  it  is  lesse)  nottoitfjstanbing,  toitfj 
tfjat  small  regarb  tfjeg  fjaue  fjab  sinee,  tfjeg  so  like,  tfjat  £  assure  mg 
selfe  tfjeg  arc  not  come  to  tfjeir  grototfj  bg  more  tfjan  ttoo  parts  of  tfjrce, 
toijtcfj  I  btscerne  not  onelg  bg  tfjeir  otou  grototfj,  but  also  bg  romparing 
tfjem  toitfj  tfje  bulke  of  otfjer  trees,    ^xh  $.  finb  tfjem  sfjort^at  least)  bg 
so  mang  parts  in  bignesse,  altfjougfj  $  knoto  tfjose  otfjer  fruit  trees  to 
fjaue  been  muefj  fjinbreb  in  tfjeir  stature  bg  euill  guibtng.    li^erefjenee  £ 
gatfjer  tfjus. 

If  mg  trees  be  a  fjunbreb  geeres  olb,  anb  get  toant  ttoo  fjunbreb  of  tfjeir  Parts  of  a 
grototfj  before  tfjeg  leaue  increasing,  tofjicfj  make  tfjrce  fjunbreb,  tfjen  toe  Trees  age. 
must  neebs  resolue,  tfjat  tfjis  tfjrce  fjunbreb  geeres  are  but  tfje  tljirb  part 
of  a  Crccs  life,  because  (as  all  tfjtngs  liuing  bestbes)  so  Crees  must  fjaue 
allotocb  tfjem  for  tfjeir  enrrease  one  tfjtrb,  anotfjer  tljtrb  for  tfjeir  stanb, 
anb  a  tfjirb  part  of  time  also  for  tfjeir  becag.  RU  tofjicfj  time  of  a  Cree 
amounts  to  nine  fjunbreb  geeres,  tfjrce  fjunbreb  for  increase,  tfjrce  |uns 
brcb  for  fjts  stanb,  toljcreof  toe  fjaue  tfje  tearme  stature,  anb  tfjrce  fjunbreb 

for 


oa        Age  of  Trees.  An  Orchard.  Chap.  14.. 

for  f)ig!  ocra),),  nnb  get  $  tljinke  (for  tor  must  contccture  bp  comparing, 
because  no  one  man  liuctlj  to  sec  tije  full  age  of  «Trrrs)  £  am  toitijtn  the 
rompassc  of  Ijis  age,  supposing  altoates  tije  forrsaio  meanes  of  presenting 
ijis  life.  (£onsibcr  tfje  age  of  otfjrr  liuing  creatures.  CIjc  ?i~-orsc  ana 
motleo  C0.re  torougijt  to  an  bntimelp  bcattj,  pet  double  tije  time  of  tijeir 
increase.  a  Dog  Itkctoise  incrcasctlj  tljrcc,  stands  tijrec  at  least,  ano  m 
as  manp  (or  ratijer  moc)  occapes.  I5uerp  liuing  tijing  brstotocs  tije  least 
part  of  Ijis  age  in  fjts  grototlj,  ano  so  must  it  neetis  be  tottlj  Crees.  3L 
Mans  age.  man  comes  not  to  ijis  full  grototlj  ano  strength,  (fin  common  estimation) 
liefore  ttjirtp  pcercs,  ant  some  slcnoer  ano  cleane  booies  not  till  fortp,  so 
long  also  stanos  ijis  strrngtfj,  ano  so  long  also  must  ijee  ijaue  allotoeo 
I)))  course  of  nature  to  ticcap.  iSuer  supposing  tijat  Ije  te  toell  kept  toitij 
necessaries,  ano  from  ano  toittjout  straines,  bruises,  ant  all  otljer  oomi~ 
neering  diseases.  £  toill  not  sap  upon  true  report,  tijat  }JIjpsirkc  Ijolos 
it  possible,  tijat  a  cleane  boon  be  kept  bp  tljcsc  tijrec  Doctors,  Doctor 
Dyet,  Doctor  Quiet,  antl  Doctor  Merriman,  map  liuc  necrc  a  Ijunbrcti 
pcercs.  Keitljcr  toill  £  ijcre  brge  tije  long  pcercs  of  Methushalah,  ano 
t'ijose  men  of  tijat  time,  because  pou  toill  sap,  jttans  tapes  are 
sfjortneo  since  tije  flout.  15ut  toijat  ijati)  sfjortnet  ttjem?  (Rot  for  mans 
sinnes :  but  bp  meanes,  as  toant  of  knotoletgc,  euill  gouemment,  rpot, 
gluttonp,  trunkenncs,  ano  (to  be  sijort)  tije  encrease  of  tije  curse,  our 
stnnes  increasing  in  an  iron  ano  toicket  age. 

Koto  if  a  man,  toijose  boon  is  nothing  (in  a  manner)  but  tenter  rotten^ 
nesse,  toijose  course  of  life  cannot  bn  anp  meanes,  bn  counsell,  restraint 
of  latoes,  or  punisijment,  nor  Ijope  of  praise,  profit,  or  eternall  glorp,  be 
kept  toitijin  anp  bounos,  toijo  is  Degenerate  cleane  from  ijis  naturall 
fecting,  to  effeminate  nicenesse,  ano  cloning  ijis  botp  toitij  eicesse  of 
meat,  trinkr,  sleepe,  vVc.  ant  to  toljom  notijing  is  so  pleasant  ano  so 
mucij  tesirct  as  tije  causes  of  ijis  otone  teatij,  as  iolenesse,  lust,  &c. 
map  liuc  to  tijat  age :  £  see  not  but  a  tree  of  a  solioc  substance,  not 
tammfict  bp  ijeate  or  colt,  capable  of,  ano  subtcct  to  anp  ktnbe  of  oroer= 
ing  or  dressing,  tijat  a  man  sijall  applp  bnto  ijim,  feeoing  naturallp,  as 
from  tije  beginning  tisburtenct  of  all  superflutties,  casct  of,  ant  of  Ijis 
otone  accoro  auotting  tije  causes  tijat  man  annop  ijim,  sijoulo  double  ti)e 
life  of  a  man,  more  tijan  ttoice  tolt ;  ant  get  naturall  pijilosopijn,  ant 
tije  bniuersall  consent  of  all  histories  tell  bs,  that  manp  otljer  liuing 
creatures  farre  exceeo  man  in  tije  lengti)  of  pcercs :  as  tije  ?l)art  ano 
tijr  Hauen.  {ETljus  reportetlj  tijat  famous  Roterodam  out  of  Hesiodus, 
ano  mann  otljer  ?l~*istoriograptjers.  Ctjc  tcstimonp  of  Cicero  in  Jjts  booke 
De  Senectute,  is  tocigijtp  to  tljis  purpose :  tijat  toe  must  in  posteras 
states  ferete  arbores,  toijiclj  can  Ijauc  none  otljer  sencc :  but  tijat  our  frutt 
trees,  toljereof  Ije  speakes,  can  enoure  for  manp  ages. 

£2Ujat  else  are  trees  in  comparison  toitij  tije  eartfj,  but  as  Ijaires  to 
tije  botp  of  man*?  ano  it  is  certaine,  toitijout  poisoning,  euill  ano  ois= 
temperate  onet,  ano  bsage,  or  otljer  surij  forcible  cause,  tije  Ijaires  turc 
toitij  tije  boon.  tETijat  ttjcp  be  called  excrements,  it  is  bn  reason  of  tijeir 
superfluous  grototij :  (for  cut  tijem  as  often  as  pou  list,  ano  tijey  toill 
still  come  to  tijeir  naturall  lengtlj,)  not  in  respect  of  tijeir  substance,  ano 
nature,  fijaircs  cnture  long,  ano  are  an  ornament  ano  bse  also  to  tije 
booy,  as  trees  to  tije  eartlj. 

So  tijat  £  resolue  bpon  goot  reason,  tijat  fruit-trees  toell  ortereti,  map 
liue  ano  like  a  tijousano  peers,  ano  beare  fruit,  ano  tije  longer,  tije  more, 

tije 


Chap.  15.  An  Orchard.  Gathering  Fruit.        35 

tiie  greater,  ano  tije  better,  breause  i)is  bigour  is  prouti  anti  stronger, 
uiijrn  i)ts  peerrs  are  manp:  $>ou  si)all  see  ofO  trees  put  tijeir  buos  ano 
blossomrs  botij  sooner  ano  more  plentifully  tijan  pong  trees  bp  murfj. 
jano  £  sensiblp  perreiue  inn  pong  trees  to  inlarge  tbeir  fruit,  as  tijep  groin 
greater,  botij  for  number,  ano  greatnesse.  gong  ?l)eiffrs  bring  not  fortf) 
Values  so  fairr,  neither  are  ti)ep  so  plentifull  to  milke,  as  toijen  tijep 
berome  olo  iXtnr.  Xo  gooo  2£>ouslmfe  Inill  brreo  of  a  pong  tut  an  oro 
biro-motber:    It  is  so  in  all  things  naturallp,  therefore  in  trees. 

ant  if  fruit-trees  last  to  tijis  age,  ijolo  manp  ages  is  it  to  be  supposro,  The  age 
strong  ana  ijuge  timber  trees  loill  last1?  Inbose  ijuge  bobies  reguire  tije  of  timber 
peeres  of  Diners  Methushalahs,  before  tijep  enD  tijeir  Daies,  Inrjose  *ap  is  trees. 
strong  &  bitter,  loijose  -Jiark  is  ijarD  ano  tijirke,  anD  tijeir  substanee 
solto  vV  stiffc:  all  loijirij  are  Defenres  of  ijealtfj  ano  long  life.    Cfjeir 
strrngti)  luitbstanDs  all  forrible  toinos,  tijeir  sap  of  tijat  gualitP  is  not 
subieet  to  loormrs  ano  tainting,    tijeir  barke  reeeiues  selDome  or  neucr 
by  rasualrp  anp  loouno,  ano  not  onrlp  so,  but  ije  is  free  from  remouals, 
loijieij  are  tije  Deatij  of  millions  of  trees,  toijereas  ti)e  fruit  tree  in  eom= 
parison  is  little,  ano  often  blolnne  Dolone,  ijis  sap  slneet,  easilp,  ana 
soone  tainteo,ijis  barke  tenoer,  ano  soone  InounDeD,  ano  ijimsclfe  bleo  bp 
man,  as  man  bsetij  tjimselfe,  tijat  is,  cither  bnskilfullp,  or  carelrslp. 

it  is  gooD  for  some  purposes  to  regaro  tije  age  of  pour  fruit  trees,  Ageof  trees 
Inijieij  pou  map  easilp  knoln,  till  tijep  eomc  to  aeromplisij  tlnentp  peeres,  discerned. 
bp  ijis  knots:  reekon  from  ijis  roots  up  an  arme,  ano  so  to  ijis  top-tloig, 
vV  euerp  preres  grolmij  is  DisttnguisijeD  from  otijer  bp  a  knot,  rrrept  lop= 
ping  or  remouing  Doe  ijinber. 

CHAP.    XV. 

Of  gathering  and  keeping  Fruit. 
^         ILtfjougij  it  be  an  easie  matter,  toijen  (Pot)  snail  Generaii 
seno  it,  to   gatijer  ano  keepe  fruit,  pet  are  tijep  Rulc- 
eertaine  tijings  toortijp  pour  regaro.     *>ou  must 
gather  pour  fruit  toijen  it  is  ripe,  ano  not  before, 
else  toill  it  toitijer  ano  be  tougij  ano  sotore.    ail 
fruit    generallp   are    ripe,  toijen    tijep    begin   to 
fall.     ,-fFor  0Trees  Doe  as  all  other  bearers  Doe, 
toijen  tijeir  pong  ones  are  ripe,  tijep  toill  toaine 
tijem.     JFlje  Doue  ijer  pigeons,  tije  OTonp  ijer 
Kabbets,  ano  toomen  tijeir  eijilDren.     *ome  fruit  tree  sometimes  getting 
a  taint  in  tije  setting  toitij  a  frost  or  euill  totnDe,  toill  east  ijis  fruit 
tintnnelp,  but  not  before  ije  leaue  giuing  tijem  sap,  or  tijep  leaue  groining. 
IBxcept  from  tijis  forrsaiD  rule,  t!?tjrrnes,  Samsons,  ano  ISullies.    Tije  Cherries, 
(Tijerrp  is  ripe  luijcn  fyc  is  stoelti  rnijollg  reD,  ano  stoeet:    Samsons  ana  &c- 
liulltes  not  before  tije  first  frost. 

Apples  are  knoumc  to  be  ripe,  partlP  bt?  tijeir  eolour,  groining  totoaros  Apples. 
a  pellorn,  e.reept  ttjr  lleatijer-eoat  ano  some  ^eares  ano  Greenings. 

iTtmelp  ~ummer  fruit  unll  be  reaDp,  some  at  fttiosummer,  most  at    When. 
ILammas  for  present  Ose;  but  generallp  no  keeping  fruit  before  Michael- 
tide.    ?l)arO  JiLltnter  frutt  ano  JLJLtartiens  longrr. 

Gatijer  at  tije  full  of  tije  ittoone  for  keeptng,  gatijer  Drp,  for  feare  of 
rotting. 
Gatijer  tije  stalkes  rnitijall:  for  a  little  Iwouno  m  fruit,  is  oraolp;  but  Dryftalkes. 

not 


3  6        Of  Profits. 


An  Orchard. 


Chap.  1 6. 


Seuerally. 

Ouerladen 
trees. 


Inftru- 

ments. 


Bruifes. 


Keeping. 


Cydar  and 
Perry. 


Fruit. 


not  tt)c  stumpr,  that  must  ficare  tt)c  next  fruit,  nor  leaucs,  for  moisture 
p  unifies. 

(Pathcr  rucrp  feint)  seuerallp.  in  it  srlff ,  for  all  totll  not  kccpe  alike,  anti 
it  is  harti  to  bisccrne  tfjcm,  bjficn  ti)rj?  arc  mtnglcti. 

$i  pour  trrrs  fie  oucr=latirn,  (as  thcp  bull  fie,  tiring  orbrrcti,  as  is 
ficforc  taught  nou)  £  like  ficttcr  of  pulling  some  off  (tho  thrp.  fie  not  ripe) 
neere  the  top  errtu  of  the  fiougfj,  tfjen  of  propping  fip  much,  the  rest  shall 
fie  fietter  frtj.    propping  puts  the  fiough  in  danger,  ant)  frets  it  at  least. 

Instruments:  a  long  ILatitict  of  light  jFirre:  a stoolc^latiticr  as  in  the 
ii.  (Chap,  a  gathering  apron  like  a  poake  fieforc  pou,  mabc  of  purpose, 
or  a  tLilallct  filing  on  a  fiougfj,  or  a  fiaskct  bnth  a  fine  fiottome,  or  skin 
fiottome,  bnth  ILathcs  or  splinters  bnber,  hung  in  a  rope  to  pull  bp  anb 
tiobjnc:  firuise  none,  euern  firuisc  is  to  fruit  bcath :  if  nou  boc,bsc  them 
presentlg.  an  hooke  to  pull  boughs  to  pou  is  neeessarg,  fircake  no 
boughs. 

jFor  keeping,  Ian  them  in  a  tirp.  Eoft,  the  longest  keeping  .apples  first 
anb  furthest  on  tirp  strain,  on  ijeapes  ten  or  foureteene  baprs,  thick,  that 
thep  map  svoeat.  Chen  tirp.  them  bmh  a  soft  anti  eleane  cloath,  ant)  lap 
tfiem  tf)ut  afiroab.  Eong  keeping  fruit  bjoulb  fie  turned  onrc  in  a  monrtlj 
softly :  fiut  not  in  nor  immebtatlp.  after  frost,  in  a  loft  eouer  toell  bmlj 
strata,  fiut  rather  totth  chaffc  or  firan :  jFor  frost  tioth  cause  tender 
rottenncs. 

CHAP.  XVI. 

Of  Profits. 

^Nj"(Db)  pause  toith  pour  selfe,  anti  bieto  the  cnti  of  all  gour  lafiours  in 
•^  an  © rctj art :  bnsprakafile  pleasure,  ant)  infinite  commotiitp.  <Thc 
pleasure  of  an  ©rrharb  £  refer  to  the  last  (Chapter  for  the  conclusion: 
anfi  in  this  (Chapter,  a  toorb  or  tluo  of  the  profit,  tohirh  thorotolp.  to 
brclare  is  past  mj;  skill:  anb  £  count  it  as  if  a  man  shoulb  attempt  to 
abbe  light  to  the  jrunnc  bjith  a  (Candle,  or  numfier  the  ictars.  No  man 
tljat  hatj)  fiut  a  meane  (Drrbarti  or  lubgment  fiut  knolnes,  that  the  com- 
mobitp  of  an  (Drrharb  is  great:  Xritber  bjoulb  £  speakc  of  this,  fieing  a 
tfiing  so  manifest  to  all;  fiut  that  £  see,  that  through  tfje  carelesse  lajis 
nesse  of  men,  it  is  a  tfiing  generally  ncglcctcb.  iSut  let  them  knob),  tljat 
tficp  lose  hcrcfij)  tfie  cfitefest  gooti  tohich  belongs  to  housekeeping. 

(Compare  the  commobitg  that  commetij  of  fialfe  an  acre  of  ground,  set 
bjitlj  fruit  trees  anb  hearfis,  so  as  is  prrscrifirb,  antj  a  bjbole  Here  (sap  it 
fie  turn)  bjitlj  (Come,  or  tlje  best  eommobttP.  j>ou  can  toish,  anb  tlje  (DcchactJ 
stjall  exeeett  fig  biucrs  degrees. 

in  France  anti  some  other  (Countries,  anti  in  England,  then  make 
great  bse  of  (Cgbar  ant)  $)crrrj  thus  matie:  Dresse  eucrj)  apple,  the 
stalke,  bpper  ent),  anb  all  galls  alnap:  stampe  tijem,  ant)  strainc  them, 
ant)  bJtthm  24.  houres  tunne  tijem  bp  into  clcane,  slneet,  anb  sounb  bes- 
sels,  for  feare  of  euill  apre,  bjhich  thep  bjill  reatnlg  take :  anti  tf  gou 
hang  a  poake  full  of  (Cloues,  itfarc,  Nutmegs,  (Cinamon,  (Singer,  anb 
ptls  of  Ilemmons  in  tfje  mitist  of  tfie  bessell,  it  toill  make  it  as  bjijolesome 
anb  pleasant  as  toine.  Zbe  like  bsage  tioth  i3errg  rec»uire.  Chcse  brinks 
are  berp  bjfiolesome,  thep.  code,  purge,  anb  preuent  fiot  agues.  i3ut  £ 
leaue  this  skill  to  ^ijpsicians. 

Cfie  benefit  of  pur  jf  nut,  Koots  anb  ItKarfis,  thouglj  it  bjcre  fiut  to 
eat  anb  sell,  is  much.  <L&latcrs 


M 


Chap.  17.  An  Orchard.  Ornaments.        37 

Platers  fctsttUrti  of  looses,  Moobbinb,  Angelica,  are  botf)  profitable  Waters. 
anb  toonbrous  pleasant,  anb  comfortable. 

Saffron  anb  ILproras  mill  pcclb  pou  mucfi  (tfonserucs  anb  llJreserucs,  Conferues. 
are  ornaments  to  pour  jFeasts,  bcaltf)  in  pour  sicknesse,  ano  a  goob 
bclpc  to  pour  frienb,  anb  to  pour  purse. 

%\t  tbat  mill  not  be  moucb  toitb  sucb  bnspcakablc  profits,  is  tocll  toortfjp 
to  toant,  toijen  otijers  abounb  in  plentp  of  goob  tijings. 

CHAP.    XVII. 

Ornaments. 

IS  tfjinks  bttfjerto  toe  bauc  but  a  bare  ©rrfjarb  for  fruit,  anb  but  balfe 
goob,  so  long  as  it  toants  tbose  romelp  Ornaments,  ti)at  sijoulb 
giue  bcautp  to  all  our  labours,  anb  make  mucf)  for  ti)e  tjonest  be= 
ligfjt  of  tbe  otoncc  anb  bis  frienbs. 

dFor  it  is  not  to  be  boubteb:  but  as  (Sob  fjatf)  giuen  man  things  profits  Delight  the 
able,  so  ftatf)  be  allotocb  bim  ijoncst  eomfort,  bcligbt,  anb  recreation,  in  chiefeend 
all  tfje  toorks  of  bis  banbs.  Nap,  all  bjs  labours  bnber  tf)e  Sunne  toitfjs  °!°r 
out  tbis  arc  troubles,  anb  bciation  of  minbe :  ^or  tobat  is  greebp  gaine,  chards- 
toitbout  bcligbt,  but  mopling,  anb  turmopling  in  slauerp  ?    $>ut  comforts 
able  bcligbj,  toitb  content,  is  tf)e  goob  of  euerp  tijtng,  anb  tfte  patterne  of 
beaucn.    &  morsell  of  brcab  ujitb  comfort,  is  better  bp  mucb.  tljan  a  fat 
©ae  tottb.  bnciuietncssc.   anb  tobo  can  benp,  but  tbe  principall  tnti  of  an  An  Or- 
(Drcljarb,  is  tl)e  ijonest  bcligfjt  of  one  toearieb  toitb  tbe  toorks  of  bis  latos  chard  de- 
full  calling?    Cbe  berp  toorks  of,  anb  in  an  ©rcfjarb  &  (Sarben,  are  lightfome. 
better  tban  tbe  ease  anb  rest  of  anb  from  otber  labours.    SMijen  (Sob 
t)ab  mabe  man  after  bis  otonc  Image,  in  a  perfect  state,  anb  tooulb  tjaue 
bim  to  represent  tjimsclfe  in  autljoritp,  trantiuilitp,  anb  pleasure  bpon  tfje 
eartft,  f)c  placeb  jjim  in  Paradise.    OTijat  toas  Paradise,  but  a  (Sarbcn  An  Or- 
anb  ©rcftarb  of  trees  anb  ijearbs,  full  of  all  pleasure?  &  nothing  tfjere  chard  is 
but  bcligljts.  Cije  gobs  of  tfje  earti),  resembling  tlje  great  (Sob  of  teauen  Paradi*e. 
in  autborttp,  ftlaiestp,  anb  abunbance  of  all  tljings,  tofjeretn  is  tfjeir  most 
beligljt.    ginti  tobjtfjcc  bo  tijep  tottfjbrato  tbemsclucs  from  t\)t  troublesome  Caufes  of 
affapres  of  tbeir  estate,  being  tpreb  toitf)  tbe  gating  anb  iubging  of  wearifome- 
litigious  OTontroucrstes ;  ctjoakeb  (as  it  tocce)  tottt)  tf)e  close  apres  of  tbeir  neffe- 
sumptuous  builbings,  tbeir  stomacks  clopeb  mitt  barietp  of  banquets, 
tbeir  cares  filleb  &  ouerburtfjeneb  toitf)  tebious  bisroursings  ?  tobitfjec? 
but  into  tljeir  ©rcbarbs?  mabe  anb  prepareb,  bresseb  anb  bestinateb  for  Orchard  is 
ttjat  purpose,  to  renue  anb  refrcsb  tfjeir  sences,  anb  to  call  borne  tijeir  the  remedy. 
ouer=loearieb  spirits.  Nap,  it  is  (no  boubt)  a  comfort  to  tijem,  to  set  open 
tbetc  (Casements  into  a  most  belicate  (Sarben  anb  ©rcijarb,  lofterebp  tbep 
map  not  onelp  see  tbat,  bjljeretn  tijep  are  so  mucf)  beligbteb,  but  also  to 
giue  fresi),  sbieet,  anb  pleasant  apre  to  tljeir  (Salleries  anb  (Cfjambers. 

^nb  lookc,  ujtjat  ttese  men  boe  bp  reason  of  tbeir  greatnesse  anb  All  delight 
abilttp,  prouokeb  mitij  beligljt,  tbe  same  boubtlesse  rooulb  euerp  of  bs  boe,  in  Or- 
if  power  toere  ansbjerable  to  our  besires,  loberbp  loe  sijem  manifestlp,  chards. 
tljat  of  all  otfjer  beligfjts  on  eartl),  tbep  tbat  are  taken  bp  (Drctjarbs,  are 
most  rrcellent,  anb  most  agreeing  toitb  nature. 

jFor  mbereas  euerp  otber  pleasure  commonlp  fils  some  one  of  our  This  de- 
senses,  anb  tbat  onelp,  toitlj  beltgbt,  tfjis  makes  all  our  sences  sujtm  tn  ]>ght? aI1 
pleasure,  anb  tljat  bjtti)  infinite  barietp,  iopneb  mttl)  no  lesse  commobitp.  thc  icnccs- 

Cbat  famous  ^btlosopbcr,  anb  matctjlesse  (Drator,  M.  T.  C.  prcscribettj 

nottjmg 


3  8        Ornaments. 


An  Orchard. 


Dclightcth 
old  age. 
Caufcs  of 
delight  in 
an  Or- 
chard. 


Flc 


Borders  and 
fquares. 


Mounts. 

Whence 

you  may 

moot  a 

Bucke. 

Dyall. 

Mufique. 

Walkes. 
Seats. 

Order  of 
trees. 


ShE 


pe  of 


men  and 

bealts. 


Mazes. 


Bowie 

Ally. 
Buts. 
Hearbs. 

Conduit. 


Chap.  17- 

nothing  more  fit,  to  take  amap  the  tetiiousnesse  anti  heaup  loati  of  three 
or  fourc  seorr  peerrs,  than  the  pleasure  of  an  (Drrharti. 

ffiJRhat  ran  pour  epe  desire  to  see,  pour  earrs  to  hrarr,  pour  mouth  to 
taste,  or  nour  nose  to  smell,  that  is  not  to  he  hati  in  an  (Drrharti,  with 
abuntianre  anti  barietg?  (LMhat  more  tieltghtsome  tjjait  an  infinite 
uarirtp  of  slueet  smelling  flowers?  tirefcing  with  suntirp  eolours,  the 
grrenc  mantle  of  the  (Partij,  the  uniuersall  ittothcr  of  us  all,  so  bp  them 
bespotteti,  so  tipeti,  that  all  tijc  wcrlti  eannot  sample  tijem,  anti  Wherriu 
it  is  more  fit  to  atimire  the  JDner,  than  imitate  his  workmanship.  (Co^ 
louring  not  onrlp  tlje  eartlj,  but  tierking  tlje  apre,  anti  sweetning  euerp 
breath  ano  spirit. 

Che  Kose  rrti,  tiamaske,  beluet,  anti  tiouble  tiouble  prouinee  Kose,  tfje 
sweet  muske  Kose  Pontic  anti  single,  tlje  double  anti  single  white  Kose. 
flTJje  fairc  anti  sweet  senting  £&tootibine,  tiouble  anti  single,  anti  tiouble 
double,  purple  (Cowslips,  anti  double  (Cowslips,  anti  double  double 
(Cowslips.  Vrimerose  double  anti  single.  Che  iLtioIct  notijing  behintie 
tlje  best,  for  smelling  sweetlp.  anti  iooo.  more  Will  prouokr  pour  rontrnt. 

&nti  all  tljese,  hp  tlje  skill  of  pour  (Sartiiner,  so  romrlp,'anti  ortirrlp 
plareti  in  pour  ISortiers  ano  Squares,  anti  so  intermingleti,  tijat  none 
looking  tljereon,  eannot  but  wontier,  to  see,  what  Nature  rorrrrteti  bp  Rxt 
ran  tioe. 

Sfrlhcn  pou  beholti  in  timers  eorncrs  of  pour  ©rrharti  Mounts  of  stone, 
or  wooti  ruriouslp  wrought  within  ano  without,  or  of  eartlj  rouerrti  with 
Jf  ruit=trres :  iientish  (Cherrp,  Damsons,  ^Jlums,  &c.  hhiitf)  Stairrs 
of  preeious  workmanship,  ano  \n  some  eorner  (or  mo)  a  true  Spall  or 
(Clorkr,  anti  some  ftntieke  works,  anti  espeeiallp  siluer^sounoing'itTu^ 
stciur,  mixt  Instruments  anti  uoires,  graeing  all  tlje  rest:  |l}ow  will  pou 
be  rapt  with  tieligtjt "? 

?targc  Malfes,  broati  anti  long,  rlose  anti  open,  like  the  Tempe  groues 
in  Thessalie,  raiseti  with  grauell  anti  santi,  fjautng  seats  anti  banks  of 
Camomile,  all  tijis  tieltgljts  tlje  mintie,  vV  brings  Ijealtlj  to  tlje  botip. 

&Iieto  noW  With  tieligljt  tlje  works  of  pour  oWn  Ijantis,  pour  fruit-trees 
of  all  sorts,  loatien  with  slueet  blossomes,  anti  fruit  of  all  tasts,  opera= 
tions,  anti  eolours :  pour  trees  stantiing  in  eomelp  ortier  whirh  wap  soeuer 
pou  looke. 

i>our  bortiers  on  euerp  sitie  banging  anti  tirooping  with  jFrberrirs, 
Kaspberries,  Karberies,  (Currrns,  anti  tlje  roots  of  pour  trees  powbreti 
truth  Strawberries,  reti,  white,  anti  greene:  what  a' pleasure  is  this? 
Your  ©artiiner  ran  frame  pour  lesser  wooti  to  tlje  shape  of  men  armeti 
in  tlje  fielti,  reatip  to  giue  battel:  or  swift  running  (Rrrphountis:  or  of 
well  senteti  anti  true  running  fi?ountis,  to  rhase  ttje  Deere,  or  hunt  tije 
?i)are.  Chis  kintjc  of  ljunttng  sjjall  not  waste  pour  rorne,  nor  mueij  pour 
eopne. 

jttajes  well  frameti  a  mans  height,  map  perhaps  make  pour  frienti 
boantier  in  gathering  of  berrirs,  till  J)e  rannot  reeoucr  tjimse'lfe  ujittjout 
pour  hrlpe. 

2To  Ijaue  oeeasion  to  exereise  toitfjin  pour  (^rrharti,  it  shall  be  a  plea= 
sure  to  Ijaue  a  13ouiling=.ailep,  or  rattjer  (tohirh  is  more  manlp,  anti  more 
tjealtljfull)  a  paire  of  i3uts  to  stretelj  pour  armes. 

Kosemarp  anti  stocet  Eglantine  are  seemelp  ornaments  about  a  ZDoore 
or  i!ji!jlintioui,  so  is  £&lootibintir. 

?iooke  Chap.  5.  anti  pou  shall  see  the  forme  of  a  OTontiuit.  H  there 
Uiere  tluo  or  more,  it  ruere  not  amtsse.  auti 


Chap.  17.  An  Orchard.  Ornaments.        39 

Snti  in  mine  opinion,  £  coulo  ijigblp  commeno  pour  (Drrtjarti,  if  citijer 
tijorouj  it,  or  haro  op  it  tijere  sijoulo  run  a  pleasant  l\iucr  roitij  silucr  Riuer. 
strcames:  you  migijt  sit  in  pout  Jttount,  ano  angle  a  pccklco  Stout, 
ot  slcightp  3£cle,  ot  some  otijet  Jrisij.    <&%  ittoats,  toijetcon  pou  migijt  Moats. 
torn  roitij  a  15oat,  ano  fisij  roitij  Nets. 

ictorc  of  4i5ccs  in  a  orp  anti  roarmc  15ce=ijouse,  comelp  matic  of  jFir-  Bees. 
boorOs,  to  sing,  ano  sit,  ano  feco  upon  pout  flolurts  ano  sprouts,  make  a 
pleasant  nopse  anb  sigijt.  jFor  rlcanlp  anti  innoeent  15ees,  of  all  otljet 
tijings,  loue  ano  become,  anti  tijriuc  in  an  (Rrcijaro.  If  tijep  tijriuc  (as 
tticp  must  neeos,  if  pout  tSartiiner  be  skilfull,  ano  loue  them,  fot  tijep 
loue  tijeit  fticntis,  anS  ijate  none  out  tijeit  enemies)  tijep  roill,  bestocs  tije 
pleasure,  pcclo  great  profit,  to  pap  fttm  ijis  roages.  ¥ea,  tije  inerease  of 
troentp  Stocks  ot  Stoolcs,  roitij  otijet  fees,  mill  keepe  pout  (Drrfjaro.  ¥ou 
neeoe  not  oouot  tijeir  stings,  for  tijep  ijurt  not  roijom  tijep  knoro,  anti  tljcp 
knoU)  tijeir  keeper  ano  acquaintance.  $f  pou  like  not  to  eome  amongst 
tijcm,  pou  neeo  not  oouot  tijcm :  for  out  neere  tijeir  store,  ano  in  tijeir 
orone  oefenre,  tijep  mill  not  figijt,  anti  in  tijat  ease  onelp  (ano  roijo  ean 
blame  tijcm*?)  tijep  are  manlp,  ano  figtjt  oesperatelp.  Some  (as  tijat 
honourable  ILafcp  at  Hacknes,  totjosc  name  ootij  much  graee  mine  €>r= 
rtjaro)  use  to  make  seats  for  tijcm  in  the  Stone  mall  of  tijeit  (Drcharo,  ot 
©attorn,  toijirh  is  gooo,  tut  roooo  is  brtter. 

&  itine  oucr=shaoorotng  a  seat,  is  berp  eomelp,  though  her  drapes  Vine. 
roitij  bs  ripe  slorolp. 

(Due  cijicfc  graee  that  aoorns  an  ©rrharto,  I  eannot  let  slip :  a  brooto  Birds, 
of  Xightmgalrs,  loljo  mitl)  tijeir  seueral  notes  ano  tunes,  roitij  a  strong  Nightin- 
oeligijtsome  Ooice,  out  of  a  roeake  ooop,  roill  oearc  pou  eompanp  nigijt  ano  §ale- 
toap.    She  loues  (ano  liues  in)  ijots  of  roooos  in  ijer  ijeart.    She  roill  ijelpe 
pou  to  eleansc  pour  trees  of  (JTatcrpillcrs,  ano  all  noisome  roormes  ano  Robin-red- 
ftpes.    Che  gentle  Kobin^reO-brest  ojill  ijelpe  ijer,  ano  in  &&tinter  in  tije  breft- 
eoloest  stormes  roill  keepe  a  part.    Neither  mill  tije  stllp  £2Hren  be  Wrcn- 
beijinoe  in  Summer,  roitij  ijer  oisttnet  rohtstlc  (like  a  srocct  Meeorocr)  to 
chcere  pour  spirits. 

GThe  13lack=biro  ano  GThrcstlc  (for  I  take  it  tije  Chruslj  sings  not,  but  Black-bird. 
tocuourrs)  sing  louolp  in  a  ittap  morning,  ano  oeligijts  tije  eare  mueij  Thruih. 
(ano  pou  neeo  not  loant  tijeir  eompanp,  if  pou  ijaue  ripe  (Cherries  ot  iJer^ 
ties,  ano  rooulo  as  glaolp  as  tije  test  tooc  pou  pleasure :)  13ut  E  ijao  tatijet 
toant  tijeir  rompanie  tijan  mp  fruit. 

fc&lijat  sijall  $  sap  1  1000.  of  oeligijts  are  in  an  ©reijaro :  an"0  sooner 
sijall  £  be  loearp,  tijen  £  ean  reekon  tije  least  part  of  tijat  pleasure,  luijteij 
one  tijat  ijatij  ano  loues  an  ©reijaro,  map  finoe  tijerein. 

tL&lbat  ts  tijere  of  all  tijese  feto  tijat  $'i)aue  reekonetJ,  mkieij  ootij  not 
please  tije  epe,  tije  eare,  tj)e  smell,  ano  taste?  ftno  bp  tijese  scnees,  as 
Organes,  i)ipes,  ano  Mlmooujes,  tijese  oeligijts  are  eattieti  to  tefresij 
tije  gentle,  generous,  ano  noble  minoe. 

2To  eoneluoe,  bjbat  iop  map  pou  ijaue,  tijat  pou  liuing  to  sucij  an  age,  Your 
sijall  sec  tije  blessings  of  (Soo  on  pour  labours  loijile  pou  liue,  ano  leaue  owne 

beijinoe  pou  to  pour  ijeires  or  successors  (for  (Roo  blill  make  ijeircs)     labour. 
sucij  a  ojorke,  tijat  manp  ages  after  pour  oeati),  sijall  recoro  pout 
loue  to  pour  (Countrp*?  .ano  tije  ratijer,  mijen  pou  consioct 
(Chap.  14.)  to  mijat  lengtij  of  time  pout  luorkc  is  like  to  last. 

FINIS. 

1  ,ihrarv 


H.SCBALb.J'C 


C     AA'D  JOURNAL  OF  RIRAL  ART  AXD  RURAL  TASTE, 


(Commenced  by  tiie  late  celebrated  A.  J.  DOWNING.) 
Conducted  by  J.  JAY  SMITH,  Editor  of  the  North  American  Sylva. 


? 


S> 


Who  that  loves  the  charms  of  a 
s  that  surround  the  plcasaut  hot 
man,  would  miss  the  mootlifv  visits  of  the  Horticulturist,— a  joi 
the  valuable  institutions  of  the  land?     Is  not  its  elevating  and  I 
knowledged  in  every  portion  of  this  great  republic?    An 
great  change,  informing  ami  re  forming  the  national  taste 
first  place  in  the  esteem 
appreciate  the  pli 


The  increasing  love  of  Rural  Life  has  brought  this  popular  publication  into  extended  notice.     Its  success  has  been 
ann.lv  proved  bv  a  large  addition  of  readers,  and  it  is  now  ottered  to  public  patronage  with  confidence.     It  embraces  in  its 
scene  of  subjects  e\  .tv  thing  pertaining  to  the  country  and  country-pursuits  and  aims  to  instruct  while  it  amuses :  it  is, 
in  short    as  now  conducted,  a  popular  "RURAL  MAGAZINE,  designed  to  interest  all  lovers  of  the  Garden,  the  Country- 
house  the  Cottage  no  le^s  than  the  liotauist,  the  admirer  of  the  Green-house,  Conservatory,  Grape-house.  Fruit  Cultivator  and 
ph mor      Its  corresintidcuts  are  those  who  have  long  devoted  their  energies  to  these  pursuits,  and  it  is  believed  the  number  of 
£&■    tl  !•'  ■  ■  lid  lb- ■  iut'.i riir.ti. .11  thev  impart,  is  greater  than  anv  other  periodical  can  boast  of  either  in  Europe  or  America.  Indeed,  the 
vv  ,rk 'b  ,s  be.-mnf  iii.liM.en-al.'le  to  the  well-informed  countrv-dweller,  who  by  a  perusal  of  its  varied  pages  may  matutain  an 
•,,-  ,., -lim -in. -e 'with  all  that  is  passing  in  the  fruit-garden  and  orchard,  the  nursery,  the  villa,  and  with  the  beautiful  in  nature, 
whether  it  is  iim.rm  cl  bv  art  or  adorned  bv  taste.     In  its  Rural  Magazine  character  it  is  addressed  to  all  who  love  information 
audit  has  thus  become  "a  welcome  guest  both  in  town  and  country.     Its  circulation  now  embraces  the  entire  I  uion  and 
r-inada  'and  endeavours  are  constantly  used  to  increase  its  attractions  by  a  liberal  outlay  in  embellishing  it  with  costly  en- 
irr-.v'iii'-s  of  fruit   Swellings,  trees,  and  those  numberless  rustic  adornments  which  make  the  individual  home  attractive. 

A  new  volume  (13th  year)  commences  with  the  January  number  for  1858:  and  it  will  be  the  constant  aim  to  render  it  still 
more  worthy,  by  every  "practicable  improvement,  of  the  liberal  patronage  it  is  receiving. 

The  work' is  issued' on  the  first  of  each  month,  in  the  best  style,  each  number  containing  4S  pages,  embellisher!  with  a 
frontispiece  and  several  other  original  and  well-executed  engravings.  The  volumes,  taken  for  a  number  ot  years,  will  make 
a  valuable  Encyclopedia  of  Horticultural  Literature.    As  an  advertising-medium  it  has  few  superiors. 

TEEMS— Two  Dollars  a  Year;  Four  Copies  for  Six  Dollars,  payable  in  advance. 

An  edition  is  published  with  plates  coloured  in  the  best  style  of  the  art.     Price,  So. 

frj=  All  subscriptions  must  be  addressed  to  the  Agents.or  to  ROBERT    PEARS  ALL    SMITH, 

Nos.  17,  19,  and  21  Minor  St.,  Philadelphia. 

From  the  Kentucky  Valley  Farmer :-"  The  Horticulturist  is  one  of  the  best-conducted  and 
most  interesting  magazines  in  the  whole  country.  The  good  it  has  done  is  incalculable.  It  has 
diffused  a  taste  for  hor.ieulture  and  kindred  subjects,  spreading  beauty  over  many  an  unpromis- 
ing spot.  The  information  it  gives  with  regard  i 
to  every  subscriber.  It  is  interesting  to  all  wh 
good  fruit,  to  all  who  wish  to  see  the  home  m; 
prosperity  of  their  country." 

From  the  Worcester  (Mass.)  Republican:— "It  is  a  leading  and  able  marine,  fullof  in- 
structive information  for  the  garden,  the  orchard,  the  nursery,  and  the  fruitery,  as  well  as  tor  the, 
improvement  of  the  home  and  its  surroundings." 

From  the  Plymouth  Rock:—"  The  horticultural  information  is  worth  double  the  price." 

From  the  Frceport  (111.)  Journal:— "We  have  been  a  reader  of  the 
Horticulturist  for  a  long  time,  and  should  miss  no  exchange  more 
than  this." 


ountry  life,  and  feels  withil 

e  of  the  true  country  genth 

rnal  that  he  knows  is  one  ol 

and*  refining  influence  felt  and  ac 

:  not  sensible  that  it  has  worked 

rural  affairs?     It  still  occupies  th 

of  that  lareeand  constantly-increasing  class  of  A 

d  advantages  of  rural  life,  and  feel  that  the  occupat'. 


they  pursue 
ally  ennobling  in  their  nature  aud  worthy  to  be  ranked  among  the  great  arts  of  life." 

111. :— "  We  consider  the  Horticulturist  the  most  valuable 


worth  ten  times  the  pr-.c 
love  for  the  beautiful,  to 
ho  delight  i 


:ing  the 


From  the  Village  Record : — "  The  Horticulturist. — So  forcibly  am 
I  impressed  by  the  value  of  this  work,  that  I  make  the  following  pro- 
position, namely,  that  if  any  citizen  of  Chester  county,  endowed  with 
a  particle  of  public  spirit  and  possessing  an  average  share  of  taste, 
shall  take  and  read  the  Horticulturist  for  one  year,  and  will  not  then 
say  he  would  not  be  without  it  for  twice,  its  coat,  I  will  refund  his  sub- 
scription-money; and  I  am  sure  I  shall  feel  myself  remunerated  by  the 
sight  of  such  an  oddity— Senex." 

The  publisher  lias  the  pleasure  of  knowing  that  the  above  was  writ- 
ten by  the  celebrated  botanist  Dr.  Wm.  Darlington. 

From  the  Chicago  Daily  Press:— "The  Horticulturist  has  no  su- 
perior in  the  world.  It  is  alike  valuable  to  the  man  of  taste  and  the 
lover  of  letters,  to  the  merchant-princes  and  lordly  tillers  of  the  soil, 
and  he  who  aids  in  its  circulation  is  a  public  benefactor;  for  its  ten- 
dency is  to  refine  the  taste,  elevate  the  feelings,  and  render  home  at- 
tractive, thus  giving  a  nobler  tone  to  the  public  mind,  and  making 
society  better." 

From  the  Mcadville  Journal:— ''Decidedly  the  best  periodical  of  the 
kind  printed,  and  well  deserving  a  liberal  patronage." 

From  the  Hollidaysburg  Register:— "It  is  not  out  of  place  to  say 
that  at  our  exhibition  the  Horticulturist  was  offered  as  the  first  best 
premium." 

From  the  Saratoga  Republican:—"  Without  exception,  the  best  work 
of  the  kind  published  in  the  Union." 

From  the  British  (Canada)  Whig:—"  Amid  the  multiplicity  of  good 
agricultural  and  horticultural  publications  which  in  England  and  the 
United  States  actually  flood  the  world,  this  Philadelphia  magazine 
stands  out  foremost  among  the  very  best.  Its  articles  on  gardening 
are  plain,  sensible,  and  practical:  the  amateur  always  knows  What  he 
has  to  do.  The  publisher  threatens  to  curtail  his  exchange-list  next 
year,  owing  to  its  immense  size;  but  let  it  be  hoped  that  he  will  not 
dock  the  British  Whig;  for  what  should  we  do,  were  he  to  carry  his 
threat  into  execution  indiscriminately?" 

*».:;,.  Specimen  numbers  sent  on  receipt  of  12  cents  in  post-office  stamps 


From  the  OUan  (N.Y.)  Advertiser:—" This  monthly  for  August  is 
before  us,  replete,  as  it  always  is,  with  valuable  information  for  tho 
farmer  and  gardener.  In  its  scope  and  design  it  is  different  from  any 
other  journal  published  in  this  country,  and  no  persjn  engaged  in 
fruit-growing,  especially,  should  be  without  it." 

From  the  Piedmont  (Va.)  Independent :— "  We  would  not  be  without 
it  for  three  times  the  price.    It  is  indispensable." 

From  the  WaterviUe  (N.Y.)  Mail:— "All  desirous  of  cultivating  a 
rural  taste,  or  wishing  to  adorn  and  beautify  his  house,  should  avail 
himself  of  the  efficient  aid  of  this  work,  the  best  of  its  kind." 

From  the  Virginia  Intelligencer :—"  One  of  the  neatest  as  well  as  the 
best  publications  we  receive." 

From  the  Chicago  Democratic  Press :—"  This  work  has  become  an 
essential  to  every  man  of  taste.  It  is  doing  great  good  by  its  direct  and 
valuable  influence  in  elevating  the  standard  of  rural  taste.  A\  e  cannot 
commend  it  too  strongly  to  all  our  readers  who  have  a  rood  of  land 
they  call  their  own." 

From  the  Rural  Intelligencer :— "  The  Horticulturist.  We  have 
received  the  September  number  of  that  incomparably  excellent  peri- 
odical, the  '  Horticulturist  and  Journal  of  Rural  Taste.  There  is 
nothing  of  the  sort  equal  to  it  in  the  United  States.  It  is  most  beau- 
tifully'illustrated.  The  price  is  but  $-  per  volume,  or  for  the  coloured 
edition,  $5,  in  advance.    Now  is  the  time  to  subscribe." 

From  the  Toledo  Blade :—"  The  Horticulturist.  The  number  for 
August  is  finely  illustrated.  We  have  frequently  expressed  our  fa- 
vourable opinion  of  the  merits  of  this  elegant  standard  horticultural 
journal,  and  we  see  no  occasion  to  change  it  in  the  seasonable  ana 
valuable  contents  of  the  number  before  us." 


